Sport Sciences

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Article Physiology

Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework

Alannah K. A. McKay, Trent Stellingwerff, Ella S. Smith, David T. Martin, Inigo Mujika, Vicky L. Goosey-Tolfrey, Jeremy Sheppard, Louise M. Burke

Summary: This paper presents a 6-tiered Participant Classification Framework that can be used to classify individuals with different exercise backgrounds and athletic abilities. The framework can be applied prospectively and retrospectively in research, providing uniformity in classification practices.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE (2022)

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Article Sport Sciences

Physical inactivity and non-communicable disease burden in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries

Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Christine Friedenreich, Eric J. Shiroma, I-Min Lee

Summary: Physical inactivity is a significant risk factor for premature mortality and various non-communicable diseases globally. The burden associated with physical inactivity is substantial, with 7.2% and 7.6% of all-cause and cardiovascular disease deaths attributed to it. While the relative burden is highest in high-income countries, the absolute burden affects the most people in middle-income countries due to their population size.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

CYP1A2 Genotype Polymorphism Influences the Effect of Caffeine on Anaerobic Performance in Trained Males

Shahin Minaei, Morteza Jourkesh, Richard B. Kreider, Scott C. Forbes, Tacito P. Souza-Junior, Steven R. McAnulty, Douglas Kalman

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of CYP1A2 -163C > A polymorphism on the effects of acute caffeine supplementation on anaerobic power in trained males. The results showed that individuals with the AA genotype experienced improved peak power output after caffeine supplementation, while the expression of CYP1A2 did not affect average power output, minimum power output, or fatigue index.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM (2022)

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Article Sport Sciences

Exercise/Physical Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Statement from the American College of Sports Medicine

Jill A. Kanaley, Sheri R. Colberg, Matthew H. Corcoran, Steven K. Malin, Nancy R. Rodriguez, Carlos J. Crespo, John P. Kirwan, Juleen R. Zierath

Summary: This consensus statement updates the 2010 position on exercise and type 2 diabetes, providing a brief summary of current evidence and extending the prior recommendations. It highlights the importance of physical activity for health and glycemic management in individuals with type 2 diabetes and offers specific recommendations.

MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE (2022)

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Article Rehabilitation

Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome Negatively Impacts Physical Function, Cognitive Function, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Participation

Laura Tabacof, Jenna Tosto-Mancuso, Jamie Wood, Mar Cortes, Amy Kontorovich, Dayna McCarthy, Dahlia Rizk, Gabriela Rozanski, Erica Breyman, Leila Nasr, Christopher Kellner, Joseph E. Herrera, David Putrino

Summary: This study examines the persistent symptoms associated with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and their impact on physical and cognitive function, health-related quality of life, and participation in society. The results suggest that these symptoms can lead to fatigue, brain fog, and headaches, as well as reduced physical activity levels, cognitive impairment, and decreased quality of life.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION (2022)

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Article Sport Sciences

Physical activity and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe COVID-19 illness and COVID-19 related mortality in South Korea: a nationwide cohort study

Seung Won Lee, Jinhee Lee, Sung Yong Moon, Hyun Young Jin, Jee Myung Yang, Shuji Ogino, Mingyang Song, Sung Hwi Hong, Ramy Abou Ghayda, Andreas Kronbichler, Ai Koyanagi, Louis Jacob, Elena Dragioti, Lee Smith, Edward Giovannucci, I-Min Lee, Dong Hoon Lee, Keum Hwa Lee, Youn Ho Shin, So Young Kim, Min Seo Kim, Hong-Hee Won, Ulf Ekelund, Jae Il Shin, Dong Keon Yon

Summary: Engaging in recommended levels of physical activity is associated with a decreased likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe COVID-19 illness, and COVID-19 related death, indicating the potential benefits of physical activity in combating COVID-19.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Sport Sciences

Implementing the 27 PRISMA 2020 Statement items for systematic reviews in the sport and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation and sports science fields: the PERSiST (implementing Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science) guidance

Clare L. Ardern, Fionn Buttner, Renato Andrade, Adam Weir, Maureen C. Ashe, Sinead Holden, Franco M. Impellizzeri, Eamonn Delahunt, H. Paul Dijkstra, Stephanie Mathieson, Michael Skovdal Rathleff, Guus Reurink, Catherine Sherrington, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Bill Vicenzino, Jackie L. Whittaker, Alexis A. Wright, Mike Clarke, David Moher, Matthew J. Page, Karim M. Khan, Marinus Winters

Summary: Poor reporting of medical and healthcare systematic reviews is a common problem across various fields, including sports and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation, and sports science. The lack of implementation guidance for these specific fields has led to the development of the PERSiST guidance, which aims to improve transparency and reporting quality for systematic reviews and assist journal editors and peer reviewers in assessing the quality of systematic review reporting.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Sport Sciences

Through the Looking Glass: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Evidence, Providing New Insight for Motor Competence and Health

Lisa M. Barnett, E. Kipling Webster, Ryan M. Hulteen, An De Meester, Nadia C. Valentini, Matthieu Lenoir, Caterina Pesce, Nancy Getchell, Vitor P. Lopes, Leah E. Robinson, Ali Brian, Luis P. Rodrigues

Summary: This systematic review compiled evidence on the role of motor competence in children's physical activity, weight status, perceived motor competence, and health-related fitness. Strong evidence was found for negative association between motor competence and weight status, as well as positive pathway from motor competence to fitness. However, evidence for other pathways varied, including indeterminate and insufficient evidence for some associations. Future research should focus on robust longitudinal studies and experimental designs to further test the proposed conceptual model.

SPORTS MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism

Comparative efficacy of various exercise interventions on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Xiuxiu Huang, Xiaoyan Zhao, Bei Li, Ying Cai, Shifang Zhang, Qiaoqin Wan, Fang Yu

Summary: Exercise interventions, especially resistance exercise, are effective in slowing cognitive decline in patients with cognitive dysfunction. Multicomponent exercise is the most effective in protecting global cognition and executive function in patients with MCI.

JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Sport Sciences

Physical activity, screen time and the COVID-19 school closures in Europe - An observational study in 10 countries

Viktoria A. Kovacs, Gregor Starc, Mirko Brandes, Monika Kaj, Rok Blagus, Bojan Leskosek, Thomas Suesse, Elek Dinya, Benjamin C. Guinhouya, Viviana Zito, Paulo M. Rocha, Benito Perez Gonzalez, Anna Kontsevaya, Michal Brzezinski, Radu Bidiugan, Anita Kiraly, Tamas Csanyi, Anthony D. Okely

Summary: This study investigated the physical activity and screen time of European children during the COVID-19 pandemic. It found that over half of the children actively participated in online physical education classes, but most exceeded the recommended daily screen time of 2 hours. In countries less affected by the pandemic, outdoor play, daily routines, and online physical education activities were associated with healthy levels of physical activity and screen time.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Sport Sciences

Training During the COVID-19 Lockdown: Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices of 12,526 Athletes from 142 Countries and Six Continents

Jad Adrian Washif, Abdulaziz Farooq, Isabel Krug, David B. Pyne, Evert Verhagen, Lee Taylor, Del P. Wong, Inigo Mujika, Cristina Cortis, Monoem Haddad, Omid Ahmadian, Mahmood Al Jufaili, Ramzi A. Al-Horani, Abdulla Saeed Al-Mohannadi, Asma Aloui, Achraf Ammar, Fitim Arifi, Abdul Rashid Aziz, Mikhail Batuev, Christopher Martyn Beaven, Ralph Beneke, Arben Bici, Pallawi Bishnoi, Lone Bogwasi, Daniel Bok, Omar Boukhris, Daniel Boullosa, Nicola Bragazzi, Joao Brito, Roxana Paola Palacios Cartagena, Anis Chaouachi, Stephen S. Cheung, Hamdi Chtourou, Germina Cosma, Tadej Debevec, Matthew D. DeLang, Alexandre Dellal, Gurhan Donmez, Tarak Driss, Juan David Pena Duque, Cristiano Eirale, Mohamed Elloumi, Carl Foster, Emerson Franchini, Andrea Fusco, Olivier Galy, Paul B. Gastin, Nicholas Gill, Olivier Girard, Cvita Gregov, Shona Halson, Omar Hammouda, Ivana Hanzlikova, Bahar Hassanmirzaei, Thomas Haugen, Kim Hebert-Losier, Hussein Munoz Helu, Tomas Herrera-Valenzuela, Florentina J. Hettinga, Louis Holtzhausen, Olivier Hue, Antonio Dello Iacono, Johanna K. Ihalainen, Carl James, Dina C. Janse van Rensburg, Saju Joseph, Karim Kamoun, Mehdi Khaled, Karim Khalladi, Kwang Joon Kim, Lian-Yee Kok, Lewis MacMillan, Leonardo Jose Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Ryo Matsunaga, Shpresa Memishi, Gregoire P. Millet, Imen Moussa-Chamari, Danladi Ibrahim Musa, Hoang Minh Thuan Nguyen, Pantelis T. Nikolaidis, Adam Owen, Johnny Padulo, Jeffrey Cayaban Pagaduan, Nirmala Panagodage Perera, Jorge Perez-Gomez, Lervasen Pillay, Arporn Popa, Avishkar Pudasaini, Alireza Rabbani, Tandiyo Rahayu, Mohamed Romdhani, Paul Salamh, Abu-Sufian Sarkar, Andy Schillinger, Stephen Seiler, Heny Setyawati, Navina Shrestha, Fatona Suraya, Montassar Tabben, Khaled Trabelsi, Axel Urhausen, Maarit Valtonen, Johanna Weber, Rodney Whiteley, Adel Zrane, Yacine Zerguini, Piotr Zmijewski, Oyvind Sandbakk, Helmi Ben Saad, Karim Chamari

Summary: The research findings showed that during the COVID-19 lockdown, the majority of athletes expressed a desire to maintain training and disagreed with the statement of not training. However, many athletes were unable to maintain their sport-specific training levels during the lockdown, focusing more on general fitness and health maintenance instead.

SPORTS MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Sport Sciences

Effects of wearing a cloth face mask on performance, physiological and perceptual responses during a graded treadmill running exercise test

Simon Driver, Megan Reynolds, Katelyn Brown, Jakob L. Vingren, David W. Hill, Monica Bennett, Taylor Gilliland, Evan McShan, Librada Callender, Erin Reynolds, Nate Borunda, John Mosolf, Casey Cates, Alan Jones

Summary: The study found that wearing a cloth face mask significantly reduced exercise time and maximal oxygen consumption, while increasing feelings of dyspnoea, particularly at higher exercise intensities.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Sport Sciences

Sleep and physical activity in relation to all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality risk

Bo-Huei Huang, Mitch J. Duncan, Peter A. Cistulli, Natasha Nassar, Mark Hamer, Emmanuel Stamatakis

Summary: The study found that sleep quality is dose-dependently associated with all-cause mortality, total cardiovascular disease, and ischaemic stroke mortality. The group with no moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and poor sleep quality had the highest mortality risks. The detrimental associations of poor sleep quality with all outcomes, except for stroke, were amplified with lower levels of physical activity.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Sport Sciences

GRANADA consensus on analytical approaches to assess associations with accelerometer-determined physical behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) in epidemiological studies

Jairo H. Migueles, Eivind Aadland, Lars Bo Andersen, Jan Christian Brond, Sebastien F. Chastin, Bjorge H. Hansen, Kenn Konstabel, Olav Martin Kvalheim, Duncan E. McGregor, Alex Rowlands, Severine Sabia, Vincent T. van Hees, Rosemary Walmsley, Francisco B. Ortega

Summary: This passage discusses the inter-relationship between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep, emphasizing the importance of understanding their codependency in data analysis. Advanced analytical approaches are being applied in epidemiological studies of physical behaviors, with the potential to influence future physical behavior guidelines.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Sport Sciences

Worldwide Survey of Fitness Trends for 2022

Walter R. Thompson

Summary: This article explains the differences between fads and trends, and discusses how to utilize global fitness trends to promote physical activity in various industries. It also includes expert opinions on fitness trends for 2021.

ACSMS HEALTH & FITNESS JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism

Co-production: A resource to guide co-producing research in the sport, exercise, and health sciences

Brett Smith, Oli Williams, Lydia Bone

Summary: There is a growing interest in co-production in the sport, exercise, and health sciences, but there is currently a lack of academic resources that comprehensively detail the co-production of research. This paper aims to fill this gap by providing rationales for the need of such resources, defining co-production, and developing a typology to describe different types of co-production. The paper also explores the challenges and motivations for researchers to co-produce research, and presents working principles and criteria for judging the quality of co-produced research. It concludes by discussing future directions in this area.

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN SPORT EXERCISE AND HEALTH (2023)

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Article Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism

Toward an Integrated Understanding of the Youth Sport System

Travis E. Dorsch, Alan L. Smith, Jordan A. Blazo, Jay Coakley, Jean Cote, Christopher R. D. Wagstaff, Stacy Warner, Michael Q. King

Summary: This article aims to outline a heuristic model that promotes an integrated understanding of the youth sport system. The model emphasizes the importance of a systems perspective, holism, feedback loops, and roles, and proposes a unified approach to studying proximal and distal processes within youth sport.

RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT (2022)

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Article Sport Sciences

Clinical patterns, recovery time and prolonged impact of COVID-19 illness in international athletes: the UK experience

James H. Hull, Moses Wootten, Moiz Moghal, Neil Heron, Rhodri Martin, Emil S. Walsted, Anita Biswas, Mike Loosemore, Niall Elliott, Craig Ranson

Summary: In elite UK athletes, COVID-19 typically results in a mild, self-limiting illness, with a longer duration and lower respiratory tract features associated with prolonged illness and delayed return to sport.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism

Effects of resistance training performed to repetition failure or non-failure on muscular strength and hypertrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Jozo Grgic, Brad J. Schoenfeld, John Orazem, Filip Sabol

Summary: Training to muscle failure or non-failure does not have a significant impact on muscular strength and hypertrophy, except in studies where training volume is not equated between the groups, favoring non-failure training for strength gains. In resistance-trained individuals, training to failure has a significant effect on muscle hypertrophy.

JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Sport Sciences

The Natural History of Sport-Related Concussion in Collegiate Athletes: Findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium

Steven P. Broglio, Thomas McAllister, Barry P. Katz, Michelle LaPradd, Wenxian Zhou, Michael A. McCrea

Summary: This study investigated the acute natural history of sport-related concussion in male and female collegiate athletes, finding that recovery time from concussion was affected by factors such as post-injury assessments, initial symptom severity, and history of prior concussions. Although median recovery times were consistent with previous guidelines, a majority of collegiate athletes were not cleared for unrestricted sport participation until 1 month post-injury, suggesting a unified approach to post-injury monitoring and management.

SPORTS MEDICINE (2022)

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