Respiratory System

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Article Respiratory System

European Respiratory Society guidelines for the diagnosis of asthma in adults

Renaud Louis, Imran Satia, Inigo Ojanguren, Florence Schleich, Matteo Bonini, Thomy Tonia, David Rigau, Anne ten Brinke, Roland Buhl, Stelios Loukides, Janwillem W. H. Kocks, Louis-Philippe Boulet, Arnaud Bourdin, Courtney Coleman, Karen Needham, Mike Thomas, Marco Idzko, Alberto Papi, Celeste Porsbjerg, Daniel Schuermans, Joan B. Soriano, Omar S. Usmani

Summary: This article discusses the challenges faced in diagnosing asthma in adults and the recommendations provided by a taskforce set up by the European Respiratory Society. The taskforce emphasizes the importance of spirometry in the initial diagnosis and suggests further tests if obstruction is not detected. They also highlight the value of phenotyping and taking into account the patient's experience in the diagnostic process.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection: description of the global cohort

Nicolas Casco, Alberto Levi Jorge, Domingo Juan Palmero, Jan-Willem Alffenaar, Justin Denholm, Greg J. Fox, Wafaa Ezz, Jin-Gun Cho, Alena Skrahina, Varvara Solodovnikova, Pierre Bachez, Alberto Piubello, Marcos Abdo Arbex, Tatiana Alves, Marcelo Fouad Rabahi, Giovana Rodrigues Pereira, Roberta Sales, Denise Rossato Silva, Muntasir M. Saffie, Ruth Caamano Miranda, Viviana Cancino, Monica Carbonell, Catalina Cisterna, Clorinda Concha, Arturo Cruz, Nadia Escobar Salinas, Macarena Espinoza Revillot, Joaquin Farias Valdes, Israel Fernandez, Ximena Flores, Patricia Gallegos Tapia, Ana Garavagno, Carolina Guajardo Vera, Martina Hartwig Bahamondes, Luis Moyano Merino, Eduardo Munoz, Camila Munoz, Indira Navarro, Jorge Navarro Subiabre, Carlos Ortega, Sofia Palma, Ana Maria Pradenas, Gloria Pereira, Patricia Perez Castillo, Monica Pinto, Rolando Pizarro, Francisco Rivas Bidegain, Patricia Rodriguez, Cristina Sanchez, Angeles Serrano Salinas, Aline Soto, Carolina Taiba, Margarita Venegas, Maria Soledad Vergara Riquelme, Evelyn Vilca, Claudia Villalon, Edith Yucra, Yang Li, Andres Cruz, Beatriz Guelvez, Regina Victoria Plaza, Kelly Yoana Tello Hoyos, Claire Andrejak, Francois-Xavier Blanc, Samir Dourmane, Antoine Froissart, Armine Izadifar, Frederic Riviere, Frederic Schlemmer, Katerina Manika, Boubacar Djelo Diallo, Souleymane Hassane-Harouna, Norma Artiles, Licenciada Andrea Mejia, Nitesh Gupta, Pranav Ish, Gyanshankar Mishra, Samridhi Sharma, Rupak Singla, Zarir F. Udwadia, Francesca Alladio, Fabio Angeli, Andrea Calcagno, Rosella Centis, Luigi Ruffo Codecasa, Lia D'Ambrosio, Angelo De Lauretis, Susanna Esposito, Beatrice Formenti, Alberto Gaviraghi, Vania Giacomet, Delia Goletti, Gina Gualano, Alberto Matteelli, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Ilaria Motta, Fabrizio Palmieri, Emanuele Pontali, Tullio Prestileo, Niccolo Riccardi, Laura Saderi, Matteo Saporiti, Giovanni Sotgiu, Claudia Stochino, Marina Tadolini, Alessandro Torre, Simone Villa, Dina Visca, Edvardas Danila, Saulius Diktanas, Ruy Lopez Ridaura, Fatima Leticia Luna Lopez, Marcela Munoz Torrico, Adrian Rendon, Onno W. Akkerman, Mahamadou Bassirou Souleymane, Seif Al-Abri, Fatma Alyaquobi, Khalsa Althohli, Edwin Aizpurua, Rolando Gonzales, Julio Jurado, Alejandra Loban, Sarita Aguirre, Rosarito Coronel Teixeira, Viviana De Egea, Sandra Irala, Angelica Medina, Guillermo Sequera, Natalia Sosa, Fatima Vazquez, Felix K. Llanos-Tejada, Selene Manga, Renzo Villanueva-Villegas, David Araujo, Raquel Duarte, Tania Sales Marques, Victor Ionel Grecu, Adriana Socaci, Olga Barkanova, Maria Bogorodskaya, Sergey Borisov, Andrei Mariandyshev, Anna Kaluzhenina, Tatjana Adzic Vukicevic, Maja Stosic, Darius Beh, Deborah Ng, Catherine W. M. Ong, Ivan Solovic, Keertan Dheda, Phindile Gina, Jose A. Caminero, Jose Cardoso-Landivar, Maria Luiza De Souza Galvao, Angel Dominguez-Castellano, Jose-Maria Garcia-Garcia, Israel Molina Pinargote, Sarai Quiros Fernandez, Adrian Sanchez-Montalva, Eva Tabernero Huguet, Miguel Zabaleta Murguiondo, Pierre-Alexandre Bart, Jesica Mazza-Stalder, Freya Bakko, James Barnacle, Annabel Brown, Shruthi Chandran, Kieran Killington, Kathy Man, Padmasayee Papineni, Simon Tiberi, Natasa Utjesanovic, Dominik Zenner, Jasie L. Hearn, Scott Heysell, Laura Young

Summary: This study provides insights into the features of individuals co-infected with tuberculosis (TB) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the determinants of mortality and other outcomes. The results suggest that co-infection with TB and COVID-19 is associated with higher mortality, with age, male gender, and invasive ventilation being independent contributors to death. The study highlights the importance of prioritizing TB patients for COVID-19 preventative efforts, including vaccination.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Worldwide rates of diagnosis and effective treatment for cystic fibrosis

Jonathan Guo, Anna Garratt, Andrew Hill

Summary: This study identifies gaps in access to cystic fibrosis (CF) treatment, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The results reveal a significant burden of undiagnosed or untreated CF patients in many countries where disease-modifying drugs are unavailable.

JOURNAL OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Criteria and potential predictors of severity in patients with COVID-19

Niveen E. Zayed, Ahmad Abbas, Samah Mohamad Lutfy

Summary: This study aims to define the characteristics and predictors of severe COVID-19 cases. Age, mean platelet volume, serum ferritin, and ischemic heart disease were identified as predictors of severity in COVID-19 cases.

EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BRONCHOLOGY (2022)

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Review Critical Care Medicine

Awake prone positioning for non-intubated patients with COVID-19-related acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jie Li, Jian Luo, Ivan Pavlov, Yonatan Perez, Wei Tan, Oriol Roca, Elsa Tavernier, Aileen Kharat, Bairbre McNicholas, Miguel Ibarra-Estrada, David L. Vines, Nicholas A. Bosch, Garrett Rampon, Steven Q. Simpson, Allan J. Walkey, Michael Fralick, Amol Verma, Fahad Razak, Tim Harris, John G. Laffey, Claude Guerin, Stephan Ehrmann

Summary: Awake prone positioning can reduce the need for intubation in patients with COVID-19-related acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure, particularly among those requiring advanced respiratory support or treated in the ICU.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

A core outcome set for post-COVID-19 condition in adults for use in clinical practice and research: an international Delphi consensus study

Daniel Munblit, Timothy Nicholson, Athena Akrami, Christian Apfelbacher, Jessica Chen, Wouter De Groote, Janet Diaz, Sarah L. Gorst, Nicola Harman, Alisa Kokorina, Piero Olliaro, Callum Parr, Jacobus Preller, Nicoline Schiess, Jochen Schmitt, Nina Seylanova, Frances Simpson, Allison Tong, Dale M. Needham, Paula R. Williamson

Summary: This international consensus study aims to identify the core outcomes of post-COVID-19 condition, providing a standardized assessment framework for clinical care and global research.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

One-off low-dose CT for lung cancer screening in China: a multicentre, population-based, prospective cohort study

Ni Li, Fengwei Tan, Wanqing Chen, Min Dai, Fei Wang, Sipeng Shen, Wei Tang, Jiang Li, Yiwen Yu, Wei Cao, Yongjie Xu, Chao Qin, Liang Zhao, Meng Zhu, Lanwei Guo, Zheng Wu, Zhuoyu Yang, Yadi Zheng, Hongda Chen, Yunyong Liu, Donghua Wei, Dong Dong, Ji Cao, Shaokai Zhang, Shipeng Yan, Ning Wang, Lingbin Du, Hongbing Shen, Ning Wu, Jie He

Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of one-off low-dose CT (LDCT) screening for the early detection of lung cancer in China. The results showed that one-off LDCT screening significantly reduced lung cancer mortality and all-cause mortality, indicating its potential in countries with limited medical resources.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Respiratory System

Asthma and COVID-19 risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Anthony P. Sunjaya, Sabine M. Allida, Gian Luca Di Tanna, Christine R. Jenkins

Summary: Compared to non-asthma individuals, people with asthma have a lower risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. There were no statistically significant differences in hospitalization, ICU admission, and ventilator use between the two groups. Subgroup analyses showed significant differences in COVID-19 outcomes among America, Europe, and Asia.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Convalescent plasma for COVID-19 in hospitalised patients: an open-label, randomised clinical trial

Leo Sekine, Beatriz Arns, Bruna R. Fabro, Murillo M. Cipolatt, Rafael R. G. Machado, Edison L. Durigon, Edino Parolo, Jose Augusto S. Pellegrini, Marina V. Viana, Patricia Schwarz, Thiago C. Lisboa, Jose Miguel S. Dora, Julia P. Portich, Alessandra A. Paz, Lucia Silla, Almeri M. Balsan, Felipe Da-Silva Schirmer, Juliana P. M. Franz, Luciana M. Da-Silveira, Raquel C. Breunig, Viviana Petersen, Monalisa Sosnoski, Nanci F. Mesquita, Fabiana Caroline Z. Volpato, Daniel Sganzerla, Maicon Falavigna, Regis G. Rosa, Alexandre P. Zavascki

Summary: This study investigated the effect of convalescent plasma therapy in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The results showed that convalescent plasma therapy did not result in a higher proportion of clinical improvement compared to standard of care alone.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Metabolomic analyses reveal new stage-specific features of COVID-19

Hongling Jia, Chaowu Liu, Dantong Li, Qingsheng Huang, Dong Liu, Ying Zhang, Chang Ye, Di Zhou, Yang Wang, Yanlian Tan, Kuibiao Li, Fangqin Lin, Haiqing Zhang, Jingchao Lin, Yang Xu, Jingwen Liu, Qing Zeng, Jian Hong, Guobing Chen, Hao Zhang, Lingling Zheng, Xilong Deng, Changwen Ke, Yunfei Gao, Jun Fan, Biao Di, Huiying Liang

Summary: This study comprehensively analyzed the metabolic characteristics of sera from COVID-19 patients using metabolomic analysis and revealed that metabolic reprogramming of glucose metabolism and the urea cycle may be potential pathological mechanisms for COVID-19 progression.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Allergy

Montelukast in hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19

Ahsan R. Khan, Christian Misdary, Nikhil Yegya-Raman, Sinae Kim, Navaneeth Narayanan, Sheraz Siddiqui, Padmini Salgame, Jared Radbel, Frank De Groote, Carl Michel, Janice Mehnert, Caleb Hernandez, Thomas Braciale, Jyoti Malhotra, Michael A. Gentile, Salma K. Jabbour

Summary: A retrospective analysis showed that COVID-19 patients treated with montelukast had fewer events of clinical deterioration, suggesting potential clinical activity. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and explore the efficacy of montelukast in treating COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF ASTHMA (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

COVID-19 Pneumonia and ROX index: Time to set a new threshold for patients admitted outside the ICU

Maria Laura Vega, Roberto Dongilli, Gustavo Olaizola, Nicolas Colaianni, Mauro Castro Sayat, Lara Pisani, Micaela Romagnoli, Greta Spoladore, Irene Prediletto, Guillermo Montiel, Stefano Nava

Summary: This study aimed to verify the accuracy of the ROX index as a predictor of HFNC failure for COVID-19 patients treated outside the ICU. The results showed that the ROX index can assist clinicians in determining whether patients need intubation, and the threshold for COVID-19 patients is different from that of non-COVID patients.

PULMONOLOGY (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous boost immunisation with an orally administered aerosolised Ad5-nCoV after two-dose priming with an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Chinese adults: a randomised, open-label, single-centre trial

Jing-Xin Li, Shi-Po Wu, Xi-Ling Guo, Rong Tang, Bao-Ying Huang, Xiao-Qin Chen, Yin Chen, Li-Hua Hou, Jing-Xian Liu, Jin Zhong, Hong-Xing Pan, Feng-Juan Shi, Xiao-Yu Xu, Zhuo-Pei Li, Xiao-Yin Zhang, Lun-Biao Cui, Wen-Jie Tan, Wei Chen, Feng-Cai Zhu

Summary: In a randomized controlled trial, researchers found that heterologous boost immunization with an orally administered aerosolized adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccine is safe and highly immunogenic in adults previously primed with two doses of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Perioperative outcomes of pulmonary resection after neoadjuvant pembrolizumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Betty C. Tong, Lin Gu, Xiaofei Wang, Dennis A. Wigle, Joseph D. Phillips, David H. Harpole Jr, Jacob A. Klapper, Thomas Sporn, Neal E. Ready, Thomas A. D'Amico

Summary: This study demonstrates that neoadjuvant pembrolizumab is safe and well tolerated in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, and it is not associated with increased surgical morbidity or mortality. Minimally invasive approaches may be more challenging in cases with neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Pathologic response is higher compared to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY (2022)

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Article Oncology

Efficacy of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Vaccine in Patients With Thoracic Cancer: A Prospective Study Supporting a Third Dose in Patients With Minimal Serologic Response After Two Vaccine Doses

Valerie Gounant, Valentine Marie Ferre, Ghassen Soussi, Charlotte Charpentier, Heloise Flament, Nadhira Fidouh, Gilles Collin, Celine Namour, Sandra Assoun, Alexandra Bizot, Zohra Brouk, Eric Vicaut, Luis Teixeira, Diane Descamps, Gerard Zalcman

Summary: The study found that SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were effective in patients with thoracic cancer, with the majority being immunized after two doses. Administering a third vaccine dose to 1% of patients with persistently low antibody titers resulted in an 88% immunization rate.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Editorial Material Critical Care Medicine

Definition and Nomenclature of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Time for Its Revision

Bartolome Celli, Leonardo Fabbri, Gerard Criner, Fernando J. Martinez, David Mannino, Claus Vogelmeier, Maria Montes de Oca, Alberto Papi, Don D. Sin, MeiLan K. Han, Alvar Agusti

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Thromboprophylaxis in Patients With COVID-19 A Brief Update to the CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report

Lisa K. Moores, Tobias Tritschler, Shari Brosnahan, Marc Carrier, Jacob F. Collen, Kevin Doerschug, Aaron B. Holley, Jonathan Iaccarino, David Jimenez, Gregoire LeGal, Parth Rali, Philip Wells

Summary: This article provides updated guidance on thromboprophylaxis for hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The authors offer separate recommendations for patients with acute (moderate) illness and critically ill patients in the ICU. They also address the questions of standard prophylaxis vs therapeutic prophylaxis and standard prophylaxis vs intermediate dose prophylaxis, resulting in modifications to the recommendations based on higher quality evidence.

CHEST (2022)

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News Item Critical Care Medicine

Dynamic zero COVID policy in the fight against COVID

Talha Burki

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Update on the Features and Measurements of Experimental Acute Lung Injury in Animals An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report

Hrishikesh S. Kulkarni, Janet S. Lee, Julie A. Bastarache, Wolfgang M. Kuebler, Gregory P. Downey, Guillermo M. Albaiceta, William A. Altemeier, Antonio Artigas, Jason H. T. Bates, Carolyn S. Calfee, Charles S. Dela Cruz, Robert P. Dickson, Joshua A. Englert, Jeffrey Everitt, Michael B. Fessler, Andrew E. Gelman, Kymberly M. Gowdy, Steve D. Groshong, Susanne Herold, Robert J. Homer, Jeffrey C. Horowitz, Connie C. W. Hsia, Kiyoyasu Kurahashi, Victor E. Laubach, Mark R. Looney, Rudolf Lucas, Nilam S. Mangalmurti, Anne M. Manicone, Thomas R. Martin, Sadis Matalon, Michael A. Matthay, Daniel F. McAuley, Sharon A. McGrath-Morrow, Joseph P. Mizgerd, Stephanie A. Montgomery, Bethany B. Moore, Alexandra Noel, Carrie E. Perlman, John P. Reilly, Eric P. Schmidt, Shawn J. Skerrett, Tomeka L. Suber, Charlotte Summers, Benjamin T. Suratt, Masao Takata, Rubin Tuder, Stefan Uhlig, Martin Witzenrath, Rachel L. Zemans, Gutavo Matute-Bello

Summary: Advancements in methods and technology have led to the need for an updated definition of experimental acute lung injury (ALI). Through surveys and workshops, researchers propose that ALI presents as a multidimensional entity characterized by four domains: tissue injury, alteration of the alveolar-capillary barrier, inflammatory response, and physiologic dysfunction. They suggest measurements for each domain and divide experimental ALI into a continuum of models.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Characterization of Eosinophilic Bronchiectasis A European Multicohort Study

Amelia Shoemark, Michal Shteinberg, Anthony De Soyza, Charles S. Haworth, Hollian Richardson, Yonghua Gao, Lidia Perea, Alison J. Dicker, Pieter C. Goeminne, Erin Cant, Eva Polverino, Josje Altenburg, Holly R. Keir, Michael R. Loebinger, Francesco Blasi, Tobias Welte, Oriol Sibila, Stefano Aliberti, James D. Chalmers

Summary: Eosinophilic bronchiectasis is a common clinical entity that affects approximately 20% of patients. Blood eosinophil counts are associated with bronchiectasis severity, mortality, and time to exacerbation.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2022)

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