Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

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Article Oncology

Radiation Therapy Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immune Cloaking via PD-L1 Upregulation Induced by cGAS-STING Activation

Shi-Suo Du, Gen-Wen Chen, Ping Yang, Yi-Xing Chen, Yong Hu, Qian-Qian Zhao, Yang Zhang, Rong Liu, Dan-Xue Zheng, Jian Zhou, Jia Fan, Zhao-Chong Zeng

Summary: This study identified an immune-cloaking mechanism induced by radiation therapy (RT) and revealed the crucial role of the cGAS-STING pathway in this process. RT increased the expression of PD-L1 in liver cancer cells, inhibiting the activity of T cells and protecting tumor cells from immune clearance. The study also found that RT enhanced the antitumor effect of PD-L1 axis blockade and increased immune cell infiltration.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS (2022)

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Review Neurosciences

Quantitative mapping of the brain's structural connectivity using diffusion MRI tractography: A review

Fan Zhang, Alessandro Daducci, Yong He, Simona Schiavi, Caio Seguin, Robert E. Smith, Chun-Hung Yeh, Tengda Zhao, Lauren J. O'Donnell

Summary: This paper provides a high-level overview of how diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) tractography is used for quantitative analysis of the brain's structural connectivity. The paper focuses on two types of quantitative analyses - tract-specific analysis and connectome-based analysis. It also reviews studies that have used quantitative tractography approaches to study the brain's white matter in various fields. The paper concludes that there is no consensus on the best methodology in quantitative analysis of tractography, and caution should be exercised when interpreting results.

NEUROIMAGE (2022)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

AAPM task group report 302: Surface-guided radiotherapy

Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Laura Cervino, Alonso N. Gutierrez, Amanda Havnen-Smith, Susan A. Higgins, Malin Kugele, Laura Padilla, Todd Pawlicki, Nicholas Remmes, Koren Smith, Xiaoli Tang, Wolfgang A. Tome

Summary: The clinical use of surface imaging has significantly increased for patient positioning, motion monitoring, and beam gating. Task Group 302 commissioned by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine reviewed the current uses and emerging applications of surface imaging in clinical settings, providing technical guidelines and recommendations.

MEDICAL PHYSICS (2022)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Myocardial Injury Pattern at MRI in COVID-19 Vaccine-associated Myocarditis

Matteo Fronza, Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan, Victor Chan, Gauri Rani Karur, Jacob A. Udell, Rachel M. Wald, Rachel Hong, Kate Hanneman

Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis. The findings showed that compared to other causes of myocarditis, vaccine-associated myocarditis had less severe myocardial injury with fewer abnormalities. There were no adverse events during the short-term follow-up.

RADIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Association of Regional Wall Shear Stress and Progressive Ascending Aorta Dilation in Bicuspid Aortic Valve

Gilles Soulat, Michael B. Scott, Bradley D. Allen, Ryan Avery, Robert O. Bonow, S. Chris Malaisrie, Patrick McCarthy, Paul W. M. Fedak, Alex J. Barker, Michael Markl

Summary: This study evaluated the predictive role of wall shear stress (WSS) in the growth of the ascending aorta (AAo). It found that higher rates of AAo dilation were associated with larger areas of elevated WSS in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), suggesting that measuring WSS can help identify BAV patients who require closer follow-up.

JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2022)

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Article Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications

Unsupervised MRI Reconstruction via Zero-Shot Learned Adversarial Transformers

Yilmaz Korkmaz, Salman U. H. Dar, Mahmut Yurt, Muzaffer Ozbey, Tolga Cukur

Summary: This article introduces a novel unsupervised MRI reconstruction method based on SLATER, which achieves excellent reconstruction performance by learning high-quality MRI priors during training and incorporating the imaging operator with the priors during inference.

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING (2022)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Synthesis, Preclinical Evaluation, and a Pilot Clinical PET Imaging Study of 68Ga-Labeled FAPI Dimer

Liang Zhao, Bo Niu, Jianyang Fang, Yizhen Pang, Siyang Li, Chengrong Xie, Long Sun, Xianzhong Zhang, Zhide Guo, Qin Lin, Haojun Chen

Summary: Ga-68-DOTA-2P(FAPI)(2) is a promising tracer for targeted tumor diagnosis and therapy, with increased tumor uptake and retention properties compared to Ga-68-FAPI-46.

JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence

Head and neck tumor segmentation in PET/CT: The HECKTOR challenge

Valentin Oreiller, Vincent Andrearczyk, Mario Jreige, Sarah Boughdad, Hesham Elhalawani, Joel Castelli, Martin Vallieres, Simeng Zhu, Juanying Xie, Ying Peng, Andrei Iantsen, Mathieu Hatt, Yading Yuan, Jun Ma, Xiaoping Yang, Chinmay Rao, Suraj Pai, Kanchan Ghimire, Xue Feng, Mohamed A. Naser, Clifton D. Fuller, Fereshteh Yousefirizi, Arman Rahmim, Huai Chen, Lisheng Wang, John O. Prior, Adrien Depeursinge

Summary: This paper presents the post-analysis of the first edition of the HEad and neCK TumOR (HECKTOR) challenge, which focused on automatic segmentation of head and neck tumors in combined FDG-PET and CT images. A total of 64 teams participated in the challenge, and the best method achieved a high Dice Score Coefficient (DSC) and outperformed human inter-observer agreement and other methods.

MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS (2022)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Radioligand Therapy Using 177Lu-PSMA I&T and 177Lu-PSMA-617 in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Comparison of Safety, Biodistribution, and Dosimetry

Christiane Schuchardt, Jingjing Zhang, Harshad R. Kulkarni, Xiaoyuan Chen, Dirk Mueller, Richard P. Baum

Summary: The objective of this study was to assess the safety, kinetics, and dosimetry of Lu-177-labeled PSMA small molecules (Lu-177-PSMA I&T and Lu-177-PSMA-617) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) undergoing PSMA radioligand therapy (PRLT). The study showed that both Lu-177-PSMA I&T and Lu-177-PSMA-617 demonstrated favorable safety and comparable absorbed tumor doses. However, there was variability in dosimetry parameters between patients, suggesting the need for personalized dosimetry in PRLT.

JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Quantum Iterative Reconstruction for Abdominal Photon-counting Detector CT Improves Image Quality

Thomas Sartoretti, Anna Landsmann, Dominik Nakhostin, Matthias Eberhard, Christian Roeren, Victor Mergen, Kai Higashigaito, Rainer Raupach, Hatem Alkadhi, Andre Euler

Summary: The study investigated the impact of optimizing strength levels of the quantum IR algorithm on image quality in virtual monoenergetic images and polychromatic images. The results showed that the QIR algorithm improved image quality in portal venous abdominal PCD CT by reducing noise and improving contrast-to-noise ratio and lesion conspicuity without compromising image texture or CT attenuation values.

RADIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain

Martha Gulati, Phillip D. Levy, Debabrata Mukherjee, Ezra Amsterdam, Deepak L. Bhatt, Kim K. Birtcher, Ron Blankstein, Jack Boyd, Renee P. Bullock-Palmer, Theresa Conejo, Deborah B. Diercks, Federico Gentile, John P. Greenwood, Erik P. Hess, Steven M. Hollenberg, Wael A. Jaber, Hani Jneid, Jose A. Joglar, David A. Morrow, Robert E. O'Connor, Michael A. Ross, Leslee J. Shaw

Summary: This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations and algorithms for evaluating and diagnosing chest pain in adult patients. It includes a comprehensive literature search and considers various types of evidence. The guideline emphasizes evidence-based risk stratification, diagnostic workup, and the importance of shared decision-making with patients.

JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (2022)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

68Ga-FAPI as a Diagnostic Tool in Sarcoma: Data from the 68Ga-FAPI PET Prospective Observational Trial

Lukas Kessler, Justin Ferdinandus, Nader Hirmas, Sebastian Bauer, Uta Dirksen, Fadi Zarrad, Michael Nader, Michal Chodyla, Aleksandar Milosevic, Lale Umutlu, Martin Schuler, Lars Erik Podleska, Hans-Ulrich Schildhaus, Wolfgang P. Fendler, Rainer Hamacher

Summary: The study found that novel radiolabeled FAP inhibitors showed high tumor uptake in bone and soft-tissue sarcoma patients, indicating potential applications for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Neurosciences

An overview of the first 5 years of the ENIGMA obsessive-compulsive disorder working group: The power of worldwide collaboration

Odile A. van den Heuvel, Premika S. W. Boedhoe, Sara Bertolin, Willem B. Bruin, Clyde Francks, Iliyan Ivanov, Neda Jahanshad, Xiang-Zhen Kong, Jun S. Kwon, Joseph O'Neill, Tomas Paus, Yash Patel, Fabrizio Piras, Lianne Schmaal, Carles Soriano-Mas, Gianfranco Spalletta, Guido A. van Wingen, Je-Yeon Yun, Chris Vriend, H. Blair Simpson, Daan van Rooij, Marcelo Q. Hoexter, Martine Hoogman, Jan K. Buitelaar, Paul Arnold, Jan C. Beucke, Francesco Benedetti, Irene Bollettini, Anushree Bose, Brian P. Brennan, Alessander S. De Nadai, Kate Fitzgerald, Patricia Gruner, Edna Gruenblatt, Yoshiyuki Hirano, Chaim Huyser, Anthony James, Kathrin Koch, Gerd Kvale, Luisa Lazaro, Christine Lochner, Rachel Marsh, David Mataix-Cols, Pedro Morgado, Takashi Nakamae, Tomohiro Nakao, Janardhanan C. Narayanaswamy, Erika Nurmi, Christopher Pittenger, Y. C. Janardhan Reddy, Joao R. Sato, Noam Soreni, S. Evelyn Stewart, Stephan F. Taylor, David Tolin, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Dick J. Veltman, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Susanne Walitza, Zhen Wang, Paul M. Thompson, Dan J. Stein

Summary: Neuroimaging has significantly advanced our understanding of OCD's neurobiology, with ENIGMA consortium's collaborative efforts enhancing statistical power. Their work involves samples from multiple countries and regions, utilizing machine learning techniques for research, contributing to the development of neurobiological models of OCD and global scientific collaboration.

HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING (2022)

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Editorial Material Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

How to report and compare quantitative variables in a radiology article

Maxime Barat, Anne-Sophie Jannot, Anthony Dohan, Philippe Soyer

DIAGNOSTIC AND INTERVENTIONAL IMAGING (2022)

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Article Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence

The Liver Tumor Segmentation Benchmark (LiTS)

Patrick Bilic, Patrick Christ, Hongwei Bran Li, Eugene Vorontsov, Avi Ben-Cohen, Georgios Kaissis, Adi Szeskin, Colin Jacobs, Gabriel Efrain Humpire Mamani, Gabriel Chartrand, Fabian Lohoefer, Julian Walter Holch, Wieland Sommer, Felix Hofmann, Alexandre Hostettler, Naama Lev-Cohain, Michal Drozdzal, Michal Marianne Amitai, Refael Vivanti, Jacob Sosna, Ivan Ezhov, Anjany Sekuboyina, Fernando Navarro, Florian Kofler, Johannes C. Paetzold, Suprosanna Shit, Xiaobin Hu, Jana Lipkova, Markus Rempfler, Marie Piraud, Jan Kirschke, Benedikt Wiestler, Zhiheng Zhang, Christian Huelsemeyer, Marcel Beetz, Florian Ettlinger, Michela Antonelli, Woong Bae, Miriam Bellver, Lei Bi, Hao Chen, Grzegorz Chlebus, Erik B. Dam, Qi Dou, Chi-Wing Fu, Bogdan Georgescu, Xavier Giro-I-Nieto, Felix Gruen, Xu Han, Pheng-Ann Heng, Jurgen Hesser, Jan Hendrik Moltz, Christian Igel, Fabian Isensee, Paul Jaeger, Fucang Jia, Krishna Chaitanya Kaluva, Mahendra Khened, Ildoo Kim, Jae-Hun Kim, Sungwoong Kim, Simon Kohl, Tomasz Konopczynski, Avinash Kori, Ganapathy Krishnamurthi, Fan Li, Hongchao Li, Junbo Li, Xiaomeng Li, John Lowengrub, Jun Ma, Klaus Maier-Hein, Kevis-Kokitsi Maninis, Hans Meine, Dorit Merhof, Akshay Pai, Mathias Perslev, Jens Petersen, Jordi Pont-Tuset, Jin Qi, Xiaojuan Qi, Oliver Rippel, Karsten Roth, Ignacio Sarasua, Andrea Schenk, Zengming Shen, Jordi Torres, Christian Wachinger, Chunliang Wang, Leon Weninger, Jianrong Wu, Daguang Xu, Xiaoping Yang, Simon Chun-Ho Yu, Yading Yuan, Miao Yue, Liping Zhang, Jorge Cardoso, Spyridon Bakas, Rickmer Braren, Volker Heinemann, Christopher Pal, An Tang, Samuel Kadoury, Luc Soler, Bram van Ginneken, Hayit Greenspan, Leo Joskowicz, Bjoern Menze

Summary: This study reports the setup and results of the Liver Tumor Segmentation Benchmark (LiTS), which involved diverse image datasets and evaluated multiple segmentation algorithms. The best algorithms achieved high scores for liver segmentation, but varied performance for tumor segmentation. Further research is needed for tumor detection. LiTS remains an active benchmark and resource for liver-related segmentation tasks.

MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS (2023)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Improving Radiographic Fracture Recognition Performance and Efficiency Using Artificial Intelligence

Ali Guermazi, Chadi Tannoury, Andrew J. Kompel, Akira M. Murakami, Alexis Ducarouge, Andre Gillibert, Xinning Li, Antoine Tournier, Youmna Lahoud, Mohamed Jarraya, Elise Lacave, Hamza Rahimi, Alois Pourchot, Robert L. Parisien, Alexander C. Merritt, Douglas Comeau, Nor-Eddine Regnard, Daichi Hayashi

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of assistance by artificial intelligence (AI) on the diagnosis of fractures on radiographs. The results showed that AI assistance improved the sensitivity of physicians in detecting fractures by 10.4% without affecting specificity. Additionally, AI reduced the average reading time by 6.3 seconds.

RADIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

18F-FDG PET baseline radiomics features improve the prediction of treatment outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Jakoba J. Eertink, Tim van de Brug, Sanne E. Wiegers, Gerben J. C. Zwezerijnen, Elisabeth A. G. Pfaehler, Pieternella J. Lugtenburg, Bronno van der Holt, Henrica C. W. de Vet, Otto S. Hoekstra, Ronald Boellaard, Josee M. Zijlstra

Summary: The study found that combining baseline radiomics with currently used clinical predictors in DLBCL patients can more accurately identify high-risk patients. Adding radiomics features to clinical predictors significantly improves positive predictive value, leading to a more accurate selection of high-risk patients compared to using the IPI model alone.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Multimodality imaging in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: an expert consensus document of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging

Otto A. Smiseth, Daniel A. Morris, Nuno Cardim, Maja Cikes, Victoria Delgado, Erwan Donal, Frank A. Flachskampf, Maurizio Galderisi, Bernhard L. Gerber, Alessia Gimelli, Allan L. Klein, Juhani Knuuti, Patrizio Lancellotti, Julia Mascherbauer, Davor Milicic, Petar Seferovic, Scott Solomon, Thor Edvardsen, Bogdan A. Popescu

Summary: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has a prognosis similar to heart failure with reduced EF (HFrEF), but treatment options are limited. HFpEF may involve a wide range of pathological processes, which can be differentiated using multimodality imaging.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Subcortical shape alterations in major depressive disorder: Findings from the ENIGMA major depressive disorder working group

Tiffany C. Ho, Boris Gutman, Elena Pozzi, Hans J. Grabe, Norbert Hosten, Katharina Wittfeld, Henry Voelzke, Bernhard Baune, Udo Dannlowski, Katharina Foerster, Dominik Grotegerd, Ronny Redlich, Andreas Jansen, Tilo Kircher, Axel Krug, Susanne Meinert, Igor Nenadic, Nils Opel, Richard Dinga, Dick J. Veltman, Knut Schnell, Ilya Veer, Henrik Walter, Ian H. Gotlib, Matthew D. Sacchet, Andre Aleman, Nynke A. Groenewold, Dan J. Stein, Meng Li, Martin Walter, Christopher R. K. Ching, Neda Jahanshad, Anjanibhargavi Ragothaman, Dmitry Isaev, Artemis Zavaliangos-Petropulu, Paul M. Thompson, Philipp G. Saemann, Lianne Schmaal

Summary: This study investigated the differences in subcortical shape between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls. The results showed that both adolescent-onset MDD and recurrent MDD patients had lower thickness and surface area in certain subcortical regions compared to healthy controls.

HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING (2022)

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Review Biology

Non-canonical roles of apoptotic and DNA double-strand break repair factors in mediating cellular response to ionizing radiation

Chuan-Yuan Li

Summary: This review provides an updated summary of recent advances in understanding the non-canonical roles of apoptotic and DNA double-strand break repair factors in various biological processes. The findings suggest that apoptotic caspases and DSB repair factors play important roles beyond their conventional functions, such as in carcinogenesis, wound healing, and cancer stem cell generation. These findings will likely stimulate further research in this rapidly evolving field.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY (2023)

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