Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zubair W. Baloch, Sylvia L. Asa, Justine A. Barletta, Ronald A. Ghossein, C. Christofer Juhlin, Chan Kwon Jung, Virginia A. LiVolsi, Mauro G. Papotti, Manuel Sobrinho-Simoes, Giovanni Tallini, Ozgur Mete
Summary: This review summarizes the changes in the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors that relate to the thyroid gland. The new classification provides a more detailed understanding of the different types of thyroid tumors based on their cell of origin, pathologic features, molecular profiles, and biological behavior. It also introduces new categories, such as thyroid follicular nodular disease, non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features, and high-grade differentiated thyroid carcinomas. The classification emphasizes the importance of biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis.
ENDOCRINE PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Guido Rindi, Ozgur Mete, Silvia Uccella, Olca Basturk, Stefano La Rosa, Lodewijk A. A. Brosens, Shereen Ezzat, Wouter W. de Herder, David S. Klimstra, Mauro Papotti, Sylvia L. Asa
Summary: In this review, the changes and features of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) in the 2022 WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors are detailed. The consolidation of nomenclature distinguishing different neoplasms and the importance of Ki67 as a tool for classification and grading are emphasized. The clinical relevance of proper classification and the tools available to pathologists for accurate classification are explained. The article also discusses the differential diagnoses and theranostic biomarkers for NENs, as well as the role of pathologists in identifying precursor lesions and applying molecular immunohistochemistry.
ENDOCRINE PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sylvia L. Asa, Ozgur Mete, Arie Perry, Robert Y. Osamura
Summary: This review summarizes the changes in the 5th Edition of the WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors related to the pituitary gland, including the classification of pituitary lobe tumors and the detailed subtyping based on tumor cell lineage, cell type, and characteristics.
ENDOCRINE PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Paul A. Christensen, Randall J. Olsen, S. Wesley Long, Richard Snehal, James J. Davis, Matthew Ojeda Saavedra, Kristina Reppond, Madison N. Shyer, Jessica Cambric, Ryan Gadd, Rashi M. Thakur, Akanksha Batajoo, Regan Mangham, Sindy Pena, Trina Trinh, Jacob C. Kinskey, Guy Williams, Robert Olson, Jimmy Gollihar, James M. Musser
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread worldwide and is now responsible for the majority of COVID-19 cases. A study found that patients infected with Omicron were younger, had higher vaccine breakthrough rates, and were less likely to be hospitalized compared to patients with other variants. They also required less respiratory support and had shorter hospital stays, indicating reduced disease severity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Benjamin J. Moss, Stefan W. Ryter, Ivan O. Rosas
Summary: The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) involves a complex interplay of various cell types and signaling pathways. Novel bioinformatics tools can help discover disease pathways, cell-specific mechanisms, and cell-cell interactions.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Vipul Baxi, Robin Edwards, Michael Montalto, Saurabh Saha
Summary: Recent technological advancements have enabled the development of digital pathology and AI-based solutions for quantitative pathologic assessments, revolutionizing disease diagnosis and drug development. These innovations provide valuable opportunities in immuno-oncology for deciphering complex pathophysiology and discovering novel biomarkers, while also supporting practitioners in selecting the most appropriate treatment based on patient profiles. The integration of AI-powered analysis tools enhances the traditional role of pathologists in delivering accurate diagnoses and assessing biomarkers, with potential applications in translational medicine and clinical settings.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ozgur Mete, Sylvia L. Asa, Anthony J. Gill, Noriko Kimura, Ronald R. de Krijger, Arthur Tischler
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the classification, pathogenesis, biomarkers, and diagnostic criteria of tumors of the adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal paraganglia. It also introduces new genetic predisposition syndromes and changes in tumor nomenclature.
ENDOCRINE PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
David A. Schwartz, Elyzabeth Avvad-Portari, Pavel Babal, Marcella Baldewijns, Marie Blomberg, Amine Bouachba, Jessica Camacho, Sophie Collardeau-Frachon, Arthur Colson, Isabelle Dehaene, Joan Carles Ferreres, Brendan Fitzgerald, Marta Garrido-Pontnou, Hazem Gergis, Beata Hargitai, A. Cecilia Helguera-Repetto, Sandra Holmstrom, Claudine Liliane Irles, Asa Leijonhfvud, Sasha Libbrecht, Tamas Marton, Noel McEntagart, James T. Molina, Raffaella Morotti, Alfons Nadal, Alexandra Navarro, Maria Nelander, Angelica Oviedo, Andre Ricardo Oyamada Otani, Nikos Papadogiannakis, Astrid C. Petersen, Drucilla J. Roberts, Ali G. Saad, Anna Sand, Sam Schoenmakers, Jennifer K. Sehn, Preston R. Simpson, Kristen Thomas, M. Yolotzin Valdespino-Vazquez, Lotte E. van der Meeren, Jo Van Dorpe, Robert M. Verdijk, Jaclyn C. Watkins, Mehreen Zaigham
Summary: This study evaluated the mechanism of stillbirth and neonatal death following maternal infection with COVID-19. The findings suggest that placental abnormalities caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection result in placental malperfusion and insufficiency, leading to fetal hypoxic-ischemic injury and perinatal death.
ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ozgur Mete, Lori A. Erickson, C. Christofer Juhlin, Ronald R. de Krijger, Hironobu Sasano, Marco Volante, Mauro G. Papotti
Summary: The new WHO classification of adrenal cortical proliferations reflects translational advances in endocrine pathology, oncology, and molecular biology. It highlights the understanding of adrenal cortex pathologies through histological features, ancillary studies, and genetic findings, leading to advances in knowledge of these conditions. The classification redefines the spectrum of adrenal cortical nodular disease, emphasizing the importance of accurate assessment of tumor proliferation rate and diagnostic biomarkers in the workup of adrenal cortical neoplasms.
ENDOCRINE PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Alena Skalova, Martin D. Hyrcza, Ilmo Leivo
Summary: The salivary gland section in the 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumours introduces several new tumor entities and emphasizes the reduction of non-relevant tumors. It also highlights the significance of defining molecular alterations in salivary gland tumors for diagnostic purposes.
HEAD & NECK PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Salsabil Islam, Towhidul Islam, Md Rabiul Islam
Summary: The coronavirus naturally mutates over time, giving rise to new variants that are more contagious and destructive. Some variants are capable of evading treatment. The Delta variant is the most dangerous, with high transmissibility, disease severity, and mortality rate. The recently identified Omicron variant's transmissibility and resistance are still unclear. Supplying oxygen, medication, vaccines, and devices is a challenge for poor and developing countries during epidemic waves. Slowing down transmission, mass vaccination, vaccine redesign, re-compiling action plans, and adhering to safety guidelines can be effective solutions to the new challenges.
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Valerie Larson, Roy Seidenberg, Avrom Caplan, Nooshin K. Brinster, Shane A. Meehan, Randie H. Kim
Summary: This retrospective case series reviewed cutaneous adverse reactions to mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, identifying various skin manifestations including injection-site reactions, generalized eruptions, and eczematous dermatitis. The study suggests that dermatopathologists should be aware of potential cutaneous adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines, with histopathological patterns ranging from mixed-cell infiltrates to epidermal spongiosis and interface changes.
JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Legal
Sharifah Mastura Syed Mohd Daud, Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera Mohd Yusof, Chong Chin Heo, Lay See Khoo, Mansharan Kaur Chainchel Singh, Mohd Shah Mahmood, Hapizah Nawawi
Summary: The use of drones has expanded rapidly in various fields over the past decade, including disaster management and humanitarian aid. However, evidence of their effectiveness in mass disasters remains limited. This study evaluates current drone feasibility projects and discusses challenges related to their deployment, identifying mapping/disaster management, search and rescue, transportation, and training as the main categories of drone application in disasters. While there has been a significant increase in publications on drone use in disasters, more research is needed to address post-disaster healthcare, particularly in victim identification. Further exploration of drone applications is necessary for their potential to improve disaster management effectiveness.
Review
Pathology
Fatemeh Derakhshan, Jorge S. Reis-Filho
Summary: This article introduces the heterogeneity of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and discusses its histologic, molecular classifications, and genomic alterations. The article also explores the role of the tumor microenvironment in TNBC and its potential impact on therapeutic response. Understanding the biology of each TNBC subtype is essential for delivering personalized medicine to patients.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lori A. Erickson, Ozgur Mete, C. Christofer Juhlin, Aurel Perren, Anthony J. Gill
Summary: The 2022 WHO classification reflects advancements in the understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of parathyroid disease. It emphasizes the importance of genetic abnormalities and introduces new terms and entities to accurately classify parathyroid tumors. Additionally, researchers recommend the use of molecular immunohistochemistry to further explore the disease.
ENDOCRINE PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Denis S. Smirnov, Nicholas J. Ashton, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Joel Simren, Juan Lantero-Rodriguez, Thomas K. Karikari, Annie Hiniker, Robert A. Rissman, David P. Salmon, Douglas Galasko
Summary: Plasma biomarkers show promise in identifying the pathological features of Alzheimer's Disease. P-tau181 and P-tau231 are diagnostic biomarkers related to AD neuropathological change and can predict future cognitive decline. NfL can predict cognitive decline and is increased in non-AD cases. Plasma A beta 42/40 is a relatively weak predictor of amyloid pathology and may require different assay methods for improvement.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Paul A. Christensen, Randall J. Olsen, S. Wesley Long, Sishir Subedi, James J. Davis, Parsa Hodjat, Debbie R. Walley, Jacob C. Kinskey, Matthew Ojeda Saavedra, Layne Pruitt, Kristina Reppond, Madison N. Shyer, Jessica Cambric, Ryan Gadd, Rashi M. Thakur, Akanksha Batajoo, Regan Mangham, Sindy Pena, Trina Trinh, Prasanti Yerramilli, Marcus Nguyen, Robert Olson, Richard Snehal, Jimmy Gollihar, James M. Musser
Summary: Genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2, particularly the Delta variant, have had a significant impact on the global COVID-19 pandemic. Delta variants are causing widespread COVID-19 and are associated with vaccine breakthrough cases. A study conducted in Houston Methodist hospital system found that Delta variants accounted for almost all COVID-19 cases and had a higher rate of vaccine breakthrough than other variants. However, fully vaccinated individuals had a lower hospitalization rate. The study also showed that vaccines used in the United States are highly effective in reducing severe COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Amy M. Smith, Karen Davey, Stergios Tsartsalis, Combiz Khozoie, Nurun Fancy, See Swee Tang, Eirini Liaptsi, Maria Weinert, Aisling McGarry, Robert C. J. Muirhead, Steve Gentleman, David R. Owen, Paul M. Matthews
Summary: The study reveals significant differences in gene expression in astrocytes and microglia in the brains of AD patients, correlated with amyloid-beta or pTau expression. There are distinct gene expression patterns in the two cell types and pathologies, but common gene sets exist in each cell type. Additionally, different sub-clusters are found in astrocytes and microglia, characterized by transcriptional signatures related to either homeostatic functions or disease pathology.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Takashi Komori
Summary: The 5th edition of WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System incorporated new molecular markers for IDH-mutant and -wild-type astrocytoma, aiming to improve risk stratification. However, challenges and debates persist in the grading of gliomas, particularly regarding the utilization of histological and proliferative markers.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Andrew J. Evans, Richard W. Brown, Marilyn M. Bui, Elizabeth A. Chlipala, Christina Lacchetti, Danny A. Milner, Liron Pantanowitz, Anil Parwani, Kearin Reid, Michael W. Riben, Victor E. Reuter, Lisa Stephens, Rachel L. Stewart, Nicole E. Thomas
Summary: This article summarizes the updated guidelines for validating whole slide imaging systems used for diagnostic purposes. Through a systematic review of literature, three strong recommendations and nine good practice statements are provided.
ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
