Article
Pathology
Lynette M. Sholl
Summary: Immunotherapy is crucial in the management of non-small cell lung carcinoma, but responses vary widely. PD-L1 protein expression serves as a predictive biomarker, yet its sensitivity and specificity are suboptimal. Insights into tumor and host immune-specific factors are defining better immunotherapy biomarkers beyond immune checkpoint expression status.
Article
Dermatology
Marc E. Grossman, Gerald Appel, Alicia J. Little, Christine J. Ko
Summary: This report suggests that IgA vasculitis with skin and renal involvement could be a potential reaction to COVID-19 vaccination, even though SARS-CoV spike protein immunohistochemical staining was negative.
JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sebastiaan Moonen, Marta J. Koper, Evelien Van Schoor, Jolien M. Schaeverbeke, Rik Vandenberghe, Christine A. F. von Arnim, Thomas Tousseyn, Bart De Strooper, Dietmar Rudolf Thal
Summary: The study investigated the contribution of pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory mechanism of cell death downstream of the inflammasome, to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The findings suggest the activation of pyroptosis in specific cell types and its potential link to neuron death in AD.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Scarlet Brockmoeller, Amelie Echle, Narmin Ghaffari Laleh, Susanne Eiholm, Marie Louise Malmstrom, Tine Plato Kuhlmann, Katarina Levic, Heike Irmgard Grabsch, Nicholas P. West, Oliver Lester Saldanha, Katerina Kouvidi, Aurora Bono, Lara R. Heij, Titus J. Brinker, Ismayil Gogenur, Philip Quirke, Jakob Nikolas Kather
Summary: Using deep learning algorithm, this study accurately predicted lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer patients, showing potential in discovering new biological mechanisms in cancer progression.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Ahmed S. Doghish, Mohamed A. Ali, Salah S. Elyan, Mahmoud A. Elrebehy, Hend H. Mohamed, Reda M. Mansour, Ayatallah Elgohary, Aml Ghanem, Ahmed H. I. Faraag, Nourhan M. Abdelmaksoud, Hebatallah Ahmed Mohamed Moustafa
Summary: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths in underdeveloped countries, with persistent infection of high-risk HPV playing a significant role in its development. MicroRNAs are small chain nucleic acids that can regulate various cellular events, including invasion, pathophysiology, angiogenesis, apoptosis, proliferation, and cell cycle phases in cervical cancer. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential of miRNAs in diagnosing and treating cervical cancer.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ryan Gober, Maryam Ardalan, Seyedeh Marziyeh Jabbari Shiadeh, Linda Duque, Susanna P. Garamszegi, Maureen Ascona, Ayled Barreda, Xiaoyan Sun, Carina Mallard, Regina T. Vontell
Summary: This study examined the differential activation of microglia in the brains of individuals with SCZ, finding an increase in microglia density in certain brain regions, as well as region-dependent changes in microglial morphology. The results suggest potential therapeutic targets based on the age-related association with reduced microglial arborization in specific brain regions, providing insights into longitudinal changes in microglial activation across age.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Lucia Viejo, Ayush Noori, Emily Merrill, Sudeshna Das, Bradley T. Hyman, Alberto Serrano-Pozo
Summary: Through a systematic review of astrocyte immunohistochemical studies in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains and subsequent bioinformatics analyses, a wide range of functional alterations including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense, lipid metabolism, proteostasis, extracellular matrix organization, and neurotransmission were identified. Furthermore, potential transcription factors driving these changes were identified, with validation from existing -omics datasets showing significant overlap with reported transcriptomic and proteomic changes in AD brains and/or CSF.
NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Joao Lobo, Riuko Ohashi, Mahul B. Amin, Daniel M. Berney, Eva M. Comperat, Ian A. Cree, Anthony J. Gill, Arndt Hartmann, Santosh Menon, George J. Netto, Maria R. Raspollini, Mark A. Rubin, Puay Hoon Tan, Satish K. Tickoo, Toyonori Tsuzuki, Samra Turajlic, Ming Zhou, John R. Srigley, Holger Moch
Summary: The 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary and Male Genital Systems introduces molecularly defined renal tumour subtypes, eliminates the subcategorization of papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC), includes emerging entities within the pRCC spectrum, introduces a category of 'other oncocytic tumours', accepts eosinophilic solid and cystic RCC as a new entity, and highlights the need for a reproducible grading system for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC).
Review
Pathology
Kuniyuki Kano, Junken Aoki, Timothy Hla
Summary: Lysophospholipids, such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), are important extracellular lipid mediators that signal through specific G protein-coupled receptors. They play crucial roles in various biological processes and diseases, including cellular stress signaling, inflammation, and host defense responses. LPA is involved in regulating fibrosis, neuropathic pain, abnormal angiogenesis, endometriosis, and neuroectodermal developmental disorders, while S1P controls collective behavior, apoptotic cell clearance, and immunesurveillance of cancers. The study of lysophospholipids has led to the development of new therapeutics for autoimmune diseases and holds promise for future treatments of fibrotic disorders, vascular diseases, and cancer.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Gamil M. Abd-Allah, Ahmed Ismail, Hesham A. El-Mahdy, Elsayed G. E. Elsakka, Ahmed A. El-Husseiny, Nourhan M. Abdelmaksoud, Aya Salman, Samy Y. Elkhawaga, Ahmed S. Doghish
Summary: Melanoma, accounting for 1.7% of all cancer cases worldwide, is the sixth most frequent malignancy. Various risk factors, such as ultraviolet radiation, skin phenotype, pigmented nevi, pesticides, genetics, and epigenetics, are associated with melanoma. Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs), as one of the main epigenetic factors affecting melanoma, can prevent the expression of target genes and regulate multiple signaling pathways related to melanoma initiation, stemness, angiogenesis, apoptosis, proliferation, and treatment resistance. The abundance and stability of miRNAs may serve as important factors for their potential use as markers for prognosis, diagnosis, stemness, survival, and metastasis in melanoma patients.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Bryce Parkinson, Wei Chen, Tiansheng Shen, Anil Parwani, Zaibo Li
Summary: TRPS1 is a highly sensitive and specific marker for breast carcinomas, and its expression is associated with tumor subtypes and HER2 protein.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Daniel J. Brat, Kenneth Aldape, Julia A. Bridge, Peter Canoll, Howard Colman, Meera R. Hameed, Brent T. Harris, Eyas M. Hattab, Jason T. Huse, Robert B. Jenkins, Dolores H. Lopez-Terrada, William C. McDonald, Fausto J. Rodriguez, Lesley H. Souter, Carol Colasacco, Nicole E. Thomas, Michelle Hawks Yount, Martin J. van den Bent, Arie Perry
Summary: This article provides evidence-based recommendations for molecular biomarker testing in diffuse gliomas (DGs) and suggests appropriate laboratory methods and biomarkers selection to inform clinical management.
ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rui Li, Hao Tang, Jeremy C. Burns, Brian T. Hopkins, Carole Le Coz, Bo Zhang, Isabella Peixoto de Barcelos, Neil Romberg, Amy C. Goldstein, Brenda L. Banwell, Eline T. Luning Prak, Michael Mingueneau, Amit Bar-Or
Summary: Inhibition of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTKi) is a promising therapy for autoimmune diseases. This study demonstrates that BTKi attenuates B-cell:T-cell interactions by modulating B-cell metabolic pathways and mediates an anti-inflammatory modulation of B cells. The study suggests that targeting B-cell metabolism may be a viable therapeutic approach for pro-inflammatory B cells.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Amy S. Duffield, Charles G. Mullighan, Michael J. Borowitz
Summary: The updated International Consensus Classification (ICC) of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) includes revisions to previous subtypes and new entities. The classification incorporates recent clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular data, emphasizing whole transcriptome analysis and gene expression clustering studies. The new classification allows for improved risk stratification and optimized treatment plans for ALL patients.
Review
Cell Biology
Katie E. Hebron, Edjay Ralph Hernandez, Marielle E. Yohe
Summary: The RASopathies are a group of disorders caused by germline mutations in genes encoding components of the RAS/MAPK pathway. This review discusses the pathogenesis of RASopathy-associated genetic variants and the knowledge gained about RAS/MAPK signaling through studying RASopathies. It also explores cell and animal models of RASopathies, emerging RASopathy genes, and the potential use of targeted agents for treating RASopathies. Lastly, it discusses how drugs targeting RAS/MAPK-driven malignancies could be leveraged for patients with RASopathies.
DISEASE MODELS & MECHANISMS
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Merva Soluk-Tekkesin, John M. Wright
Summary: This article reviews the updates in the 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of head and neck tumors, focusing on the changes and new diagnostic criteria for odontogenic tumors and cysts of the jaw.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yuan Zhou, Li Zhang, You-Hua Xie, Jian Wu
Summary: This review highlights the importance of sensitive and reliable assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection during the COVID-19 pandemic, and provides guidelines for selecting optimal assays for specific usage. The review discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and specific applications of various assays for detection of viral nucleic acids, genomes, proteins, and host antibody responses.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Mohsen Karami Fath, Menooa Ebrahimi, Ehsan Nourbakhsh, Ahmad Zia Hazara, Ali Mirzaei, Saba Shafieyari, Azadeh Salehi, Mahsa Hoseinzadeh, Zahra Payandeh, Ghasem Barati
Summary: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in tumor formation and resistance to therapy. Understanding the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in CSCs can provide insights into targeted therapy for drug-resistant tumors. While this pathway is well-known in tumor bulk, its functions in CSCs have not been fully explored.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Jeremy W. Jacobs, Garrett S. Booth
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination can lead to autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), with various subtypes occurring approximately 7 days after infection symptoms and 5 days after vaccination.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Mahmut Akgul, Khaleel Al-Obaidy, Liang Cheng, Muhammad T. Idrees
Summary: A study at Indiana University Department of Pathology identified low-grade oncocytic tumour (LOT) as a potentially distinct entity within primary renal epithelial neoplasms, characterized by distinguishable morphology and immunohistochemical profile. Further research with larger cohorts and comprehensive molecular evaluation is needed to definitively recognize LOT as a separate entity and explore active surveillance options for eligible patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2022)
