Review
Pathology
Nada M. El-Sheikh, Ahmed I. Abulsoud, Eman F. Wasfey, Nadia M. Hamdy
Summary: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in cancer, and lncRNA NNT-AS1 is aberrantly expressed in multiple cancers, affecting the development of malignancies.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Ji-Yeon Shin, Howard J. Worman
Summary: Nuclear envelope is composed of various components and mutations in genes encoding these components can lead to laminopathies, a group of diseases that selectively affect different tissues or organs. The mechanisms underlying these diseases are still unclear and current hypotheses focus on the impact of nuclear envelope alterations on gene expression and cellular mechanics.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Long Niu, Feng Zhang, Xiaojiao Xu, Yuting Yang, Song Li, Hui Liu, Weidong Le
Summary: Chronic sleep deprivation impaired learning and memory, exacerbating disease progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. Abnormal expression of clock genes in the circadian rhythm-related nuclei, especially in AD mice, was found after chronic sleep deprivation. Moreover, abnormal tau phosphorylation was accompanied by alterations in BMAL1 protein levels in the retrosplenial cortex.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Carolin Kurz, Lauren Walker, Boris-Stephan Rauchmann, Robert Perneczky
Summary: The pathological processes leading to synapse loss, neuronal loss, brain atrophy and gliosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are not fully understood. This review focuses on the clinical correlations and pathophysiological concepts of blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage in AD. Specific changes in intercellular structures, reduced expression of transendothelial carriers, and activation of astroglia and monocytes/macrophages characterize BBB damage in AD. Magnetic resonance imaging shows early BBB dysfunction in AD-specific brain regions. Novel therapeutic approaches aim to open the BBB and improve drainage of amyloid-beta (A beta) from the brain.
NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Nicola Delli Muti, Federica Finocchi, Giovanni Tossetta, Gianmaria Salvio, Melissa Cutini, Daniela Marzioni, Giancarlo Balercia
Summary: This review examines the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the male reproductive system, finding that it not only damages the respiratory system but also has serious effects on male reproduction, including deteriorating semen quality and increasing oxidative stress levels. However, due to a limited number of studies, it remains unclear whether these effects are temporary or long-lasting.
Article
Pathology
Lester D. R. Thompson, Justin A. Bishop
Summary: The World Health Organization recently published the 5th edition of the Classification of Head and Neck Tumours, which includes updates and classification of tumors in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and skull base. The new edition reduces the number of diagnostic entries and highlights new and emerging entities.
HEAD & NECK PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Huina Zhang, Hani Katerji, Bradley M. Turner, William Audeh, David G. Hicks
Summary: Recent clinical trials have shown promising efficacy for novel HER2-targeted therapies in HER2-low breast cancers, leading to the possibility of including a HER2-low category in the evaluation of breast cancers. This study investigated the incidence, staining patterns, clinicopathologic features, and genomic profile of HER2-low breast cancers, and found that they were more common in ER-positive breast cancers and had similar characteristics to HER2-negative breast cancers in other aspects.
Review
Pathology
Matthew G. Hanna, Orly Ardon, Victor E. Reuter, Christine England, David S. Klimstra, Meera R. Hameed
Summary: Anatomic pathology has seen significant advancements in technology in the past few decades, with digital pathology systems integrating into clinical practice to provide new opportunities in the medical field.
Article
Oncology
Antonia M. Stehr, Guangxia Wang, Richard Demmler, Marc P. Stemmler, Julia Krug, Philipp Tripal, Benjamin Schmid, Carol Geppert, Arndt Hartmann, Luis E. Munoz, Janina Schoen, Simon Voelkl, Susanne Merkel, Christoph Becker, Georg Schett, Robert Gruetzmann, Elisabeth Naschberger, Martin Herrmann, Michael Stuerzl
Summary: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), released by neutrophils, have been found in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and are associated with disease progression. This study used high-resolution microscopy to detect citrullinated NETs in colon cancer tissues and found that citrullinated NETs were significantly associated with high tumour grades and lymph node metastasis. In vitro experiments also showed that purified NETs induced filopodia formation and cell motility in CRC cell lines, indicating their potential contribution to CRC metastasis.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Ahmed S. Doghish, Hesham A. El-Mahdy, Ahmed Ismail, Maghawry Hegazy, Mahmoud Mohamed Mokhtar, Samy Y. Elkhawaga, Mohamed A. Elkady, Amr Mohamed Yehia, Elsayed G. E. Elsakka
Summary: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignant tumor, with various types such as papillary thyroid cancer and follicular thyroid carcinoma. Risk factors for thyroid cancer include radiation exposure, autoimmunity, and genetics. MicroRNA plays a crucial role in thyroid cancer by inhibiting the expression of multiple target genes and influencing tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, development, and resistance to therapy.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Visar Vela, Darius Juskevicius, Stefan Dirnhofer, Thomas Menter, Alexandar Tzankov
Summary: This meta-analysis provides a concise summary of the genetic landscape of different types of MZL in various organs, showing the origin-specific distribution of distinct gene mutations, which may facilitate the identification of MZL origin and potential tailored treatment strategies.
Review
Immunology
Anna Bertolini, Romina Fiorotto, Mario Strazzabosco
Summary: Bile acids not only play a role in digestion and absorption, but also have potential therapeutic value in regulating metabolism and immune function for the treatment of liver diseases.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Tanya Sajan Ponnatt, Cullen M. Lilley, Kamran M. Mirza
Summary: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and life-threatening disorder of immune regulation that requires rapid diagnosis and aggressive management. Understanding the pathogenesis and early diagnosis of HLH plays a crucial role in determining patient outcome. HLH can be caused by genetic mutations or acquired factors, and proper management is essential for improving prognosis.
ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Bin Xu, Julia David, Snjezana Dogan, Inigo Landa, Nora Katabi, Maelle Saliba, Anjanie Khimraj, Eric J. Sherman, Robert Michael Tuttle, Giovanni Tallini, Ian Ganly, James A. Fagin, Ronald A. Ghossein
Summary: This study found that high-grade non-anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (HGTC) can be classified into two distinct subtypes, HGTC-PDTC and HGTC-nonPDTC, based on clinicopathological and molecular features. Factors such as age, gender, tumor characteristics, and molecular alterations have significant impact on prognosis, with the coexistence of BRAF V600E and TERT increasing the risk of metastasis.
Review
Pathology
Elena Calabria, Federica Canfora, Massimo Mascolo, Silvia Varricchio, Michele Davide Mignogna, Daniela Adamo
Summary: This study reported a case of oropharyngeal pemphigus vulgaris triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and analyzed the clinical and immunological characteristics of AIBDs cases reported after the vaccination. A total of 35 cases of AIBDs triggered by the vaccination were found, with bullous pemphigoid being the most common diagnosis. Despite the potential risk of AIBDs after vaccination, clinicians should encourage patients to get vaccinated to help combat the COVID-19 pandemic.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Miao Cui, Chao Cheng, Lanjing Zhang
Summary: Proteomics plays a vital role in biomedical research by providing new insights into complex biomedical problems. This mini-review summarizes existing and emerging high-throughput proteomics methodologies and discusses the importance of computational methods and statistical algorithms in maximizing the value of proteomic data. The advances in high-throughput proteomics not only enhance our understanding of disease mechanisms, but also offer potential applications in various fields such as basic research, oncology, precision medicine, and drug discovery.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Aurelien Morini, Tom Drossart, Marc-Olivier Timsit, Mathilde Sibony, Viorel Vasiliu, Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo, Judith Favier, Cecile Badoual, Arnaud Mejean, Nelly Burnichon, Virginie Verkarre
Summary: The major role of the mTOR pathway in the tumorigenesis of LOT, presence of genetic variations in mTOR pathway related genes, absence of FOXI1 expression as a distinguishing factor, and the potential for targeted therapy in cases of metastasis were highlighted in the study.LOT was considered as a distinct entity with a favorable clinical outcome.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Benjamin T. Whitfield, Jason T. Huse
Summary: In the past decade, advancements in molecular profiling have significantly impacted the way cancer types, including primary brain tumors, are diagnosed, classified, and managed. Molecular alterations have allowed for a more refined classification of brain tumors, deviating from the traditional reliance on morphological characteristics. This shift towards molecular classification is evident in the 2021 WHO classification of central nervous system tumors. This review focuses on the recent updates regarding the classification of adult-type diffuse gliomas, which are highly infiltrative and mostly incurable malignancies of the central nervous system. The refinement of molecular criteria holds promise for improving the diagnosis, prognostication, and eventual treatment of these devastating tumors.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Maiko T. Uemura, John L. Robinson, Katheryn A. Q. Cousins, Thomas F. Tropea, Daniel C. Kargilis, Jennifer D. McBride, EunRan Suh, Sharon X. Xie, Yan Xu, Silvia Porta, Norihito Uemura, Vivianna M. Van Deerlin, David A. Wolk, David J. Irwin, Kurt R. Brunden, Virginia M. -Y. Lee, Edward B. Lee, John Q. Trojanowski
Summary: Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) is characterized by the accumulation of TAR-DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) aggregates in older adults and coexists with Lewy body disease (LBD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pathological and genetic characteristics of LATE in LBD (LATE-LBD) differ from LATE-AD, with associations to patient profiles and cognitive impairment. The distribution of LATE neuropathological changes and genetic risk factors also vary between LATE-LBD and LATE-AD.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Shinelle Menezes, Mohamed Hazem Okail, Siti Munira Abd Jalil, Hemant M. Kocher, Angus J. M. Cameron
Summary: This article discusses the conflicting roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in tumor promotion and suppression, as well as therapeutic strategies. It highlights the heterogeneity of CAF subtypes and their association with patient prognosis and therapy response. Targeting CAF subtypes associated with immunotherapy response may provide new options for pancreatic cancer treatment.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2022)
