Review
Pathology
Nicole Koutsodendris, Maxine R. Nelson, Antara Rao, Yadong Huang
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that is difficult to treat. Recent advancements in imaging technology and experimental techniques have allowed researchers to gain insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of AD. The major genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4), plays a significant role in the initiation and progression of AD, although its exact mechanisms are not fully understood.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Ahmed Ismail, Ahmed Abulsoud, Doaa Fathi, Ahmed Elshafei, Hesham A. El-Mahdy, Elsayed G. E. Elsakka, Ahmed Aglan, Samy Y. Elkhawaga, Ahmed S. Doghish
Summary: This review explores the function of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer, their use as biomarkers, and the direction of future research. miRNAs promote the development of ovarian cancer by regulating cellular activities and signaling pathways, and play a significant role in treatment resistance.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Marcelle de Carvalho Ribeiro, Gyongyi Szabo
Summary: The involvement of inflammasomes in chronic liver diseases is widely recognized. NLRP3 is the most studied type in the pathogenesis of ALD, NAFLD, and fibrosis. Inflammasomes are cellular complexes that activate the production of cytokines and cell death upon sensing danger signals. This study discusses the different types of inflammasomes involved in liver diseases and potential therapeutic strategies.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Marilena Vered, John M. Wright
Summary: The 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Head and Neck Tumours (2022) introduces important updates in the classification of Odontogenic and Maxillofacial Bone Tumours. This edition includes the addition of Essential and Desirable Diagnostic Features for each entity, the recognition of new benign and malignant tumors, and the deletion of certain tumors from previous editions. The manuscript reviews each entity systematically and provides updated findings for selected topics, aiming to assist in diagnostic processes and highlight the potential impact of molecular results on future treatments.
HEAD & NECK PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Sofia Rodriguez Murua, Mauricio F. Farez, Francisco J. Quintana
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease affecting the central nervous system, characterized by immune dysregulation and resulting in demyelination, neuronal damage, and degeneration. Genetic and environmental factors are believed to play a role in the onset and progression of this disease.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Alanna G. Spiteri, Claire L. Wishart, Roger Pamphlett, Giuseppe Locatelli, Nicholas J. C. King
Summary: Microglia and monocytes play crucial roles in neurological diseases, but the lack of discriminating markers and experimental systems has historically hindered the precise definition of their roles. Recent advancements in single-cell technologies, new markers, and drugs have improved the ability to distinguish these cell types, yet limitations in focusing on specific cell types, diseases or experimental approaches have restricted the broader connections between phenotype and function.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Natasha Rekhtman
Summary: This review summarizes recent advances in the pathologic diagnosis of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms, highlighting the distinction between different tumor subtypes, updates in pathological diagnosis and immunohistochemical markers. It also discusses the evolving role of Ki67, differential diagnosis updates, and emerging diagnostic markers in SCLC. Recent progress in understanding genetic and expression profiles within each type of lung neuroendocrine neoplasm is promising for future development of diagnostic biomarkers.
Review
Pathology
Antonios Papanicolau-Sengos, Kenneth Aldape
Summary: Histomorphology and DNA methylation profiling are both important diagnostic methods in cancer pathology. While histomorphology is already well-established, DNA methylation profiling serves as an adjunct tool to improve the accuracy of pathological diagnosis. Besides identifying new entities and consolidating morphologically disparate cancers, DNA methylation profiling holds great promise for non-invasive cancer detection and classification.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Hesham A. El-Mahdy, Al-Aliaa M. Sallam, Ahmed Ismail, Samy Y. Elkhawaga, Mahmoud A. Elrebehy, Ahmed S. Doghish
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. miRNAs play a crucial role in HCC pathogenesis by modulating key molecular pathways and regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. This review summarizes the significance of oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs in HCC, as well as their potential clinical applications.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Ahmed S. Doghish, Ahmed Ismail, Mahmoud A. Elrebehy, Abdullah M. M. Elbadry, Hend H. Mahmoud, Salma M. Farouk, Ghada A. Abu Serea, Rahma Ali A. Elghany, Kholoud K. El-Halwany, Abdulrahman Omar Alsawah, Hla I. Dewidar, Hesham A. El-Mahdy
Summary: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Recent research has indicated the crucial role of miRNAs in the development and metastasis of lung cancer, as well as their potential clinical application.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Mihaela Farcas, Zoran Gatalica, Kiril Trpkov, Jeffrey Swensen, Ming Zhou, Reza Alaghehbandan, Sean R. Williamson, Cristina Magi-Galluzzi, Anthony J. Gill, Maria Tretiakova, Jose I. Lopez, Delia Perez Montiel, Maris Sperga, Eva Comperat, Fadi Brimo, Asli Yilmaz, Farshid Siadat, Ankur Sangoi, Yuan Gao, Nikola Ptakova, Levente Kuthi, Kristyna Pivovarcikova, Joanna Rogala, Abbas Agaimy, Arndt Hartmann, Cristoph Fraune, Boris Rychly, Pavel Hurnik, Dusan Durcansky, Michael Bonnert, Georgios Gakis, Michal Michal, Milan Hora, Ondrej Hes
Summary: EVT is an emerging renal entity with characteristic and readily identifiable morphology, consistent immunohistochemical profile, indolent behavior, and mutations in either TSC1, TSC2, or MTOR genes.
Article
Pathology
Ahmed Ismail, Hamada Ahmed Mokhlis, Marwa Sharaky, Mohamed H. Sobhy, Sherif S. Hassanein, Ahmed S. Doghish, Salama A. Salama, Amr D. Mariee, Yasmin M. Attia
Summary: Lipid metabolic reprogramming plays a significant role in mediating the response of breast cancer cells to tamoxifen (TAM). In this study, the effect of inhibiting the enzyme ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) on TAM-resistant breast cancer cells was investigated. The results showed that co-treatment with TAM and the ACLY inhibitor hydroxycitric acid (HCA) significantly reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis marker expression. In addition, the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides were higher in TAM-resistant cells. These findings suggest that ACLY inhibition by HCA sensitizes TAM-resistant breast cancer cells to TAM.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Sina Taefehshokr, Aram Parhizkar, Shima Hayati, Morteza Mousapour, Amin Mahmoudpour, Liliane Eleid, Dara Rahmanpour, Sahand Fattahi, Hadi Shabani, Nima Taefehshokr
Summary: Cancer immunotherapy has shown promising results in inducing tumor regression, but issues like tumor resistance and relapse still exist. Different tumor types have different responses to immunotherapy, possibly due to cancer cells developing resistance mechanisms to evade treatment.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Jason S. Knight, Yogendra Kanthi
Summary: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune thrombophilia characterized by circulating antiphospholipid antibodies. It can lead to vascular thrombosis, obstetrical complications, occlusive vasculopathy, and organ damage. Recent studies have highlighted the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and the complement system in APS thrombosis.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Tamara Simakova, Arina Suvorova, Kristina Krivonosova, Anna Abramova, Maria Loginova, Igor Paramonov
Summary: HLA molecules, expressed in almost all nucleated cells of the body, are crucial for tissue specificity recognition. Current tools have limited ability to identify novel HLA alleles, making manual evaluation of identified HLA alleles a labor-intensive and time-consuming step in the analysis.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Myrto Moutafi, Charles J. Robbins, Vesal Yaghoobi, Aileen Fernandez, Sandra Martinez-Morilla, Vasiliki Xirou, Yalai Bai, Yan Song, Patricia Gaule, Joseph Krueger, Kenneth Bloom, Salisha Hill, Daniel C. Liebler, Regan Fulton, David L. Rimm
Summary: The efficacy of the antibody drug conjugate Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in HER2 low breast cancer patients suggests the need for revision of the conventional HER2 assays. In this study, an optimized dynamic range for unamplified HER2 detection in breast cancer was determined and a quantitative assay to stratify HER2 expression in unamplified cases was designed. The application of this assay to a large number of breast cancer cases demonstrated its potential for selecting optimal patients for T-DXd treatment.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Peter T. Nelson, Carol Brayne, Margaret E. Flanagan, Erin L. Abner, Sonal Agrawal, Johannes Attems, Rudolph J. Castellani, Maria M. Corrada, Matthew D. Cykowski, Jing Di, Dennis W. Dickson, Brittany N. Dugger, John F. Ervin, Jane Fleming, Jonathan Graff-Radford, Lea T. Grinberg, Suvi R. K. Hokkanen, Sally Hunter, Alifiya Kapasi, Claudia H. Kawas, Hannah A. D. Keage, C. Dirk Keene, Mia Kero, David S. Knopman, Naomi Kouri, Gabor G. Kovacs, Sydney A. Labuzan, Eric B. Larson, Caitlin S. Latimer, Renata E. P. Leite, Billie J. Matchett, Fiona E. Matthews, Richard Merrick, Thomas J. Montine, Melissa E. Murray, Liisa Myllykangas, Sukriti Nag, Ruth S. Nelson, Janna H. Neltner, Aivi T. Nguyen, Ronald C. Petersen, Tuomo Polvikoski, R. Ross Reichard, Roberta D. Rodriguez, Claudia K. Suemoto, Shih-Hsiu J. Wang, Stephen B. Wharton, Lon White, Julie A. Schneider
Summary: Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) and Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) are both associated with cognitive impairment in aging populations, with LATE-NC being present in approximately 40% of participants and more commonly in cases with poorer cognitive abilities.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
W. Glenn McCluggage, Naveena Singh, C. Blake Gilks
Summary: An updated classification of female genital tumours was published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in autumn 2020, introducing major new additions and changes compared to the previous 2014 classification. The new classification places greater emphasis on key molecular events and integrates morphological and molecular features. While most of the significant changes are related to uterine and vulval tumours, changes in all organs are covered.
Article
Pathology
Ozgur Mete, Bruce M. Wenig
Summary: This review article provides a brief overview of the new WHO classification for head and neck neuroendocrine neoplasms. It discusses the spectrum of these neoplasms, diagnostic criteria, and offers insights into the role of biomarkers and molecular immunohistochemistry in accurate diagnosis. The article emphasizes the importance of morphology and immunohistochemical findings in the classification and diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms.
HEAD & NECK PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Tejus A. Bale, Marc K. Rosenblum
Summary: The 2021 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System reflects the discovery of genetic alterations underlying many central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms. There have been substantial changes to CNS tumor classification, especially for pediatric low-grade gliomas and glioneuronal tumors (pLGG/GNTs). The new classification now classifies gliomas, glioneuronal tumors, and neuronal tumors into 6 families, with six newly recognized tumor types. This has implications for the treatment and molecular testing and interpretation of pLGG/LGNT.
