Parasitology

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Review Infectious Diseases

New clinical application prospects of artemisinin and its derivatives: a scoping review

Yangmu Huang, Yang Yang, Guangqi Liu, Ming Xu, Dan Hu

Summary: This study aimed to review clinical research on artemisinin and its derivatives except anti-malaria and explore possible priority areas for future development. The results showed that artemisinin and its derivatives may have therapeutic effects on parasites, tumors, inflammation, and skin diseases. However, the efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies for non-malarial parasitic diseases is still controversial. More phase II/III clinical trials on the antiviral effects of artemisinin and its derivatives are needed in the future.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY (2023)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Evaluation of a new fusion antigen, cd loop and HAP2-GCS1 domain (cd-HAP) of Plasmodium falciparum Generative Cell Specific 1 antigen formulated with various adjuvants, as a transmission blocking vaccine

Zeinab Pourhashem, Leila Nourani, Jafar J. Sani, Hemn Yousefi, Sakineh Pirahmadi, Mobina Sabouri, Abbasali Raz, Navid Dinparast Djadid, Sedigheh Zakeri, Akram Abouie Mehrizi

Summary: This study evaluated a new synthetic fusion antigen, cd-HAP, as a transmission-blocking vaccine candidate for malaria. The results showed that cd-HAP antigen formulated with CMQ adjuvants induced strong immune responses, reducing oocyst intensity and infection prevalence, and held significant implications for future malaria vaccine development.

MALARIA JOURNAL (2023)

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Article Parasitology

In Vitro and In Vivo Antileishmanial Activity of Thioridazine

Sergio Sifontes-Rodriguez, Niurka Mollineda-Diogo, Lianet Monzote-Fidalgo, Alma Reyna Escalona-Montano, Jose Antonio Escario Garcia-Trevijano, Maria Magdalena Aguirre-Garcia, Alfredo Meneses-Marcel

Summary: Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas. Existing drugs are limited in their effectiveness and availability. This study tested the antileishmanial activity of thioridazine, an antipsychotic agent, and found that it showed potential as a treatment for Leishmaniasis.

ACTA PARASITOLOGICA (2023)

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Article Parasitology

Loa loa and Mansonella perstans microfilaremia in the department of Lékoumou, Republic of Congo

Marlhand Hemilembolo, Jeremy Campillo, Ange Clauvel Niama, Sebastien Pion, Francois Missamou, Michel Boussinesq, Richard Bileckot, Cedric Chesnais

Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and intensity of loiasis in the Lekoumou Department of the Republic of Congo, and found that the infection rates remained generally stable over the past few decades.

PARASITES & VECTORS (2023)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Cryptosporidium sp. infection in solid organ transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Shahira Abdelaziz Ali Ahmed, Annalisa Quattrocchi, Panagiotis Karanis

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp. infection in organ transplant recipients (OTRs) and found it to be a significant complication. The overall prevalence was 15% in OTRs, with higher rates in developed countries, symptomatic individuals, and adults.

PATHOGENS AND GLOBAL HEALTH (2023)

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Article Infectious Diseases

First report of Anopheles stephensi from southern Ethiopia

Dawit Hawaria, Solomon Kibret, Daibin Zhong, Ming-Chieh Lee, Kidane Lelisa, Belayneh Bekele, Muntasha Birhanu, Mathe Mengesha, Hiwot Solomon, Delenesaw Yewhalaw, Guiyun Yan

Summary: This study confirmed the invasion of An. stephensi in southern Ethiopia by identifying larvae and adult mosquitoes in the area. The presence of both stages of this mosquito species raises concerns about its potential impact on local malaria transmission and the need for further investigation on its ecology, behavior, and role in disease transmission.

MALARIA JOURNAL (2023)

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Article Parasitology

Redescription and Molecular Characterisation of Derogenes ruber Lühe, 1900 (Hemiuroidea: Derogenidae) from Chelidonichthys lastoviza (Scorpaeniformes: Triglidae) in the Western Mediterranean

Kamilia Gharbi, Chahinez Bouguerche, Mohammed Ahmed, Gerardo Perez-Ponce de Leon, Fadila Tazerouti

Summary: We provide a detailed redescription and molecular data for Derogenes ruber from its type-host Chelidonichthys lastoviza. We also report a new geographical record for it and characterize the genetic variation within the Derogenes genus. The comparison of the newly generated sequences with other available data supports the distinction of D. ruber and questions the validity of the closely related species Derogenes latus.

ACTA PARASITOLOGICA (2023)

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Article Parasitology

First Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in the Endemic Cyprus Mouflon (Ovis gmelini ophion)

Kyriacos A. Hasapis, Iris Charalambidou, Chad Schou, Catherine O'Dowd Phanis, Stefanie Kazamia, Nicolaos Kassinis, Eleftherios Hadjisterkotis, Panagiotis Karanis

Summary: This is the first report on the molecular identification of this Cryptosporidium species in a Cyprus mouflon. The results indicate that the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in Cyprus mouflon is low.

ACTA PARASITOLOGICA (2023)

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Article Parasitology

Therapeutic effect of Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid on bacterial sepsis in mice

Shuying Wang, Donghui Jiang, Feifei Huang, Yayun Qian, Meitao Qi, Huihui Li, Xiaoli Wang, Zhi Wang, Kaigui Wang, Yin Wang, Pengfei Du, Bin Zhan, Rui Zhou, Liang Chu, Xiaodi Yang

Summary: EgCF demonstrates therapeutic effects on sepsis by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production and inducing regulatory cytokines. The anti-inflammatory effect of EgCF is possibly achieved through macrophage polarization from pro-inflammatory M1 to regulatory M2 phenotype to reduce excessive inflammation and subsequent multi-organ damage of sepsis. The role of EgCF in regulating macrophage polarization may be carried out by inhibiting the TLR2/MyD88 signaling pathway.

PARASITES & VECTORS (2023)

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Article Infectious Diseases

A potential transition from a concentrated to a generalized HIV epidemic: the case of Madagascar

David Alonso, Xavier Valles

Summary: The study used data from Madagascar to explore the impact of commercial and transactional sex on HIV transmission using a compartmental dynamic model. The model predicts an "S"-shaped prevalence curve with turning points between 2020-2022, and estimates HIV prevalence reaching stabilization between 9% to 24% in 10 out of 11 cities by 2033, similar to high-prevalence regions in Southern Africa.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY (2023)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Prevalence of G6PD deficiency and submicroscopic malaria parasites carriage in malaria hotspot area in Northwest, Tanzania

Alphaxard Manjurano, Eric Lyimo, Coleman Kishamawe, Justin Omolo, Jacklin Mosha, Miyaye Donald, Paul Kazyoba, Saidi Kapiga, John Changalucha

Summary: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a malaria hotspot area in Tanzania to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency. The study revealed that 16.4% of the population in this area carry the G6PD A- mutation, similar to other parts of Africa. This suggests that primaquine could be valuable for malaria control and elimination in this region, but further research on G6PD deficiency mapping in Tanzania is needed.

MALARIA JOURNAL (2023)

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Article Parasitology

Evaluating the Effect of Lactobacillus casei FEGY 9973 and Curcumin on Experimental Giardiasis

Omima M. Abou Shady, Ibrahim Ali Shalash, Fouad M. F. Elshaghabee, Mohamed S. I. Negm, Gehad A. B. Yousef, Enas M. A. Rizk

Summary: This study evaluated the potential therapeutic effect of probiotics and curcumin against Giardia infection. The results showed that different preparations of probiotics and curcumin can potentially be effective in treating Giardiasis.

ACTA PARASITOLOGICA (2023)

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Article Parasitology

Phylogenetic position of the Neotropical Family Zonocotylidae (Paramphistomoidea) using partial 28S rDNA sequences

M. M. Montes, F. K. Arrascaeta, J. A. Barneche, D. Balcazar, G. F. Reig Cardarella, S. R. Martorelli

Summary: This study investigated the Zonocotylidae family within the Paramphistomoidea superfamily. The results showed that Zonocotylidae is closely related to Cladorchiidae and suggests the need for new families to incorporate species from different regions.

JOURNAL OF HELMINTHOLOGY (2023)

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Article Parasitology

Auranofin attenuates Schistosoma mansoni egg-induced liver granuloma and fibrosis in mice

A. F. Atia, N. M. Abou-Hussien, D. M. Sweed, E. Sweed, N. A. Abo-khalil

Summary: This study assessed the effectiveness of auranofin in treating hepatic granuloma and fibrogenesis caused by Schistosoma mansoni eggs. The results showed that auranofin significantly reduced parasite burden and egg presence, decreased granuloma number and size, and alleviated fibrosis. Therefore, auranofin holds potential as a medication for the treatment of schistosomiasis.

JOURNAL OF HELMINTHOLOGY (2023)

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Article Parasitology

Dactylogyrids (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) from the gill lamellae of doradids (Siluriformes) with description of five new species of Cosmetocleithrum and new geographical distribution for known species from the Neotropical Region, Brazil

Augusto Leandro de Sousa Silva, Yuri Costa de Meneses, Williane Maria de Oliveira Martins, Simone Chinicz Cohen, Andrea Pereira da Costa, Marcia Cristina Nascimento Justo

Summary: Five new species of Cosmetocleithrum parasitizing the gill filaments of neotropical doradid fishes are described. These new species differ from known ones mainly in the morphology of the male copulatory organ, accessory piece, and hooks pairs.

PARASITE (2023)

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Article Parasitology

Integrative taxonomy of Metastrongylus spp. in wild boars from Brazil

Wilson Junior Oliveira, Patricia Parreira Perin, Carmen Andrea Arias Pacheco, Talita Oliveira Mendonca, Andressa de Souza Pollo, Renan Bressianini do Amaral, Natalia de Oliveira Zolla, Livia de Oliveira Andrade, Jonathan Silvestre Gomes, Vitoria Maximiana Soares dos Santos, Adrian Felipe de Moraes Ferreira, Estevam Guilherme Lux Hoppe

Summary: This study characterized Metastrongylus spp. from wild boars in Brazil using morphological description and genetic sequences. The results showed that Metastrongylus salmi was the most prevalent and abundant species. The phylogenetic analysis identified ITS2 region and cox-1 mtDNA as the most suitable genetic markers for Metastrongylus species characterization.

PARASITES & VECTORS (2023)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Examining the disparities of anti-malarial drug consumption among children under the age of five: a study of 5 malaria-endemic countries

Md Sabbir Hossain, Talha Sheikh Ahmed, Nahid Sultana, Muhammad Abdul Baker Chowdhury, Md Jamal Uddin

Summary: This study investigates the disparities in anti-malarial drug consumption for malaria among children under the age of five in low- and middle-income countries. The findings reveal shockingly low usage of anti-malarial drugs for treating malaria in some countries.

MALARIA JOURNAL (2023)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Estimated distribution of malaria cases among children in sub-Saharan Africa by specified age categories using data from the Global Burden of Diseases 2019

Olorunfemi A. Oshagbemi, Pedro Lopez-Romero, Cornelis Winnips, Katalin R. Csermak, Guoqin Su, Elodie Aubrun

Summary: This study estimated the disease burden and distribution of Plasmodium falciparum malaria among children in sub-Saharan Africa, with a detailed analysis based on age categories. The results have important implications for ensuring appropriate representation of children in clinical trials and other interventions.

MALARIA JOURNAL (2023)

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Review Parasitology

Climate change effects on terrestrial parasitic nematodes: Where are the knowledge gaps?

T. M. Moerman, S. D. Albon, S. J. Coulson, L. E. Loe

Summary: Climate change can have significant impacts on parasitic nematodes, potentially affecting animal health, livestock production, and ecosystem functioning. However, there is a lack of recent knowledge about terrestrial parasitic nematodes under changing climates. Two major knowledge gaps include understanding the temperature and moisture effects on hatching, development, and survival, as well as the impact of temperature and moisture on the movement of parasitic nematodes and infection risks. More field experiments and a broader range of hosts and nematode species are needed to improve our understanding of these parasites.

JOURNAL OF HELMINTHOLOGY (2023)

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Article Parasitology

Borrelia puertoricensis in opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) from Colombia

Yesica Lopez, Alvaro A. Faccini-Martinez, Sebastian Munoz-Leal, Veronica Contreras, Alfonso Calderon, Ricardo Rivero, Marina Munoz, Juan David Ramirez, Salim Mattar

Summary: This study provides the first molecular evidence of Borrelia puertoricensis in Colombia, specifically in opossums, and the first detection of this spirochete in a vertebrate host since its isolation from Ornithodoros puertoricensis in Panama. The detection is also significant due to the epidemiological importance of opossums as reservoirs of zoonotic diseases to humans.

PARASITES & VECTORS (2023)

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