Article
Neurosciences
Chandrika Ravisankar, Christopher W. Tyler, Clifton M. Schor, Shrikant R. Bharadwaj
Summary: This study revealed that less than one-third of adults with normal binocular vision were able to successfully free-fuse random-dot image pairs and identify the embedded stereoscopic shapes. The successful participants showed a dissociation of vergence and accommodative responses, while the unsuccessful ones either exhibited strong vergence and accommodation or weak vergence and strong accommodation. Task performance of the unsuccessful cluster improved significantly with pharmacological paralysis of accommodation. A minority of participants also learned to dissociate one direction of their vergence and accommodation crosslinks with repeated free-fusion trials, optimizing their task performance.
Article
Ophthalmology
Suzanne M. Michalak, Shwetha Mangalesh, Yineng Chen, Liangbo L. Shen, Vincent Tai, Katnna Winter, Neeru Sann, Gui-shuang Ying, Cynthia A. Toth, Lejla Vajzovic
Summary: This study aimed to characterize changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness in preterm infants. The results showed that choroidal thickness experienced rapid linear growth from 30 to 38 weeks' postmenstrual age, followed by cessation of growth. Infants with extremely low birth weight and extremely preterm infants had slower growth rates.
OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Krishnamachari S. Prahalad, Daniel R. Coates
Summary: Visual stimuli presented around the time of a saccade can be perceived differently by the visual system, including a reduction in the harmful impact of flankers. This study investigated the effects of microsaccades on crowded stimuli placed 20 arc minutes from the center of gaze. The findings suggest two separate pre-saccadic benefits, one that regularizes the crowding zone and another that specifically benefits microsaccade targets surrounded by tangential flankers.
Article
Ophthalmology
James D. Cole, John A. McDaniel, Joelle Nilak, Ashley Ban, Carlos Rodriguez, Zuhaad Hameed, Marta Grannonico, Peter A. Netland, Hu Yang, Ignacio Provencio, Xiaorong Liu
Summary: Aniridia is a panocular condition characterized by the loss of iris, caused mainly by mutations in the PAX6 gene. This study assessed the effects of Pax6-haploinsufficiency on retinal morphology and vision in Pax6Sey mice. The results showed elevated intraocular pressure and declining visual acuity in Pax6Sey mice, along with local retinal damage and a possible neuroinflammatory response.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Ursula Greferath, Erica Fletcher, Judy Savige, Heather G. Mack
Summary: Retinal drusen are uncommon in IgA nephropathy, but they resemble drusen found in age-related macular degeneration. The IgA-staining deposits in the drusen are likely related to systemic deposition of IgA. The nature of cystic spaces in the drusen is still unknown. Further research on the retinas of people with glomerulonephritis is recommended.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Andrew Mihalache, Ryan S. Huang, Nikhil S. Patil, Marko M. Popovic, Ashwin Mallipatna, Peter J. Kertes, Rajeev H. Muni, Radha P. Kohly
Summary: This study examines sociodemographic predictors of poor vision in children and adolescents in the US. The findings suggest that factors such as affordability of medical care, public health insurance, age, and parental education level are associated with vision difficulty. Addressing these disparities through public health policies is crucial for achieving equity in vision health.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Vijaykumar Patra, Nora Woltsche, Urban Cerpes, Danijela Bokanovic, Maria Repelnig, Aaroh Joshi, Isabella Perchthaler, Manuela Fischl, Marc Vocanson, Natalie Bordag, Marija Durdevic, Johannes Woltsche, Franz Quehenberger, Franz Legat, Andreas Wedrich, Jutta Horwath-Winter, Peter Wolf
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of ocular surface disease associated with the use of dupilumab in patients with atopic dermatitis. The study cohort included 20 patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis who received dupilumab treatment and 10 healthy controls. The ocular surface microbiome and serum cytokine levels were analyzed. The results showed that some patients developed ocular surface disease after dupilumab initiation, characterized by increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and a unique microbial landscape on the ocular surface. These findings suggest a potential role of the microbiome in the development of ocular surface disease in patients receiving dupilumab treatment.
OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Fateme Montazeri, Michael Wang, Abhijith Atkuru, Marcela Maria Estrada, Yin Allison Liu, Parisa Emami-Naeini
Summary: This study investigates the representation of various gender, racial, and ethnic groups in ophthalmology clinical trials conducted in the United States between 1997 and 2022. The findings highlight the need for increased efforts to promote diversity and inclusivity in ophthalmology clinical trials, as there exist disparities in reporting demographic information and enrollment of minorities. Ensuring equitable inclusion of different gender, racial, and ethnic groups in the trials is crucial for minimizing disparities and producing unbiased scientific findings generalizable to the entire population.
OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Jaron Pruett, Kelly Ruland, Sean Donahue
Summary: The study aimed to validate or refute the hypothesis that infants with birthweight over 750 g and gestational age over 27 weeks, who did not have retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at 37 weeks, would not develop treatable ROP. The findings of the study supported the termination of examination at 37 weeks in infants meeting these criteria, as the value of continued screening was minimal.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Ophthalmology
Fabricio Ccami-Bernal, David R. Soriano-Moreno, Milton A. Romero-Robles, Fernanda Barriga-Chambi, Kimberly G. Tuco, Sharong D. Castro-Diaz, Janeth N. Nunez-Lupaca, Josmel Pacheco-Mendoza, Tomas Galvez-Olortegui, Vicente A. Benites-Zapata
Summary: This review aimed to estimate the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) in the general population and subgroups. A meta-analysis of 103 cross-sectional studies with 66 577 participants showed that the prevalence of CVS was 69.0%. Higher prevalence was found in women, university students, Africa and Asia, contact lens wearers, studies conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic, and those that did not use the CVS-Q questionnaire. Standardizing a definition of CVS and implementing preventive strategies and interventions are important for decreasing the prevalence of this condition.
JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Subao Jiang, Ning Xia, Francesco Buonfiglio, Elsa W. Boehm, Qi Tang, Norbert Pfeiffer, Dominik Olinger, Huige Li, Adrian Gericke
Summary: This study found that a high-fat diet induces endothelial dysfunction in the ophthalmic artery, leading to impaired vascular function in the eye. The high-fat diet triggers oxidative stress and involves RAGE and NOX2.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Ryan P. Silk, Hanagh R. Winter, Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya, Carmella Evans -Molina, Alan W. Stitt, Vijay K. Tiwari, David A. Simpson, Eleni Beli
Summary: This study investigates whether diabetes affects the daily rhythm of gene expression in the retina. The results show that diabetic mice exhibited phase advancement in the expression of certain genes compared to non-diabetic mice. The study also identified oxygen-sensing mechanisms and HIF1alpha as potential upstream regulators. These findings provide important insights into the development of diabetic retinopathy.
Review
Ophthalmology
Ken Nagino, Jaemyoung Sung, Akie Midorikawa-Inomata, Atsuko Eguchi, Keiichi Fujimoto, Yuichi Okumura, Maria Miura, Alan Yee, Shokirova Hurramhon, Kenta Fujio, Yasutsugu Akasaki, Kunihiko Hirosawa, Tianxiang Huang, Mizu Ohno, Yuki Morooka, Xinrong Zou, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Takenori Inomata
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy, disease detectability, and efficacy of smartphone applications in ophthalmology, identifying 48 applications with potential clinical utility.
OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Mya Abousy, Bani Antonio-Aguirre, Kanza Aziz, Ming-Wen Hu, Jiang Qian, Mandeep S. Singh
Summary: In this study, unsupervised clustering of multimodal retinal structure and function data was used to analyze the diverse phenotypic features of Stargardt disease (STGD).
OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Emily Sun, Jing Tian, Loaah Eltemsah, Divya Srikumaran, Grace Sun, Jessica Chow, Fasika Woreta
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the research productivity of ophthalmology residency applicants and identify differences in productivity based on gender and race. The findings reveal that women have similar or higher research outputs compared to men, while self-identified underrepresented in medicine (URiM) students have lower research outputs in ophthalmology. Therefore, greater mentorship and support for URiM students are needed to promote the recruitment of diverse trainees in ophthalmology programs.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
He-Yan Li, Li Dong, Xu-Han Shi, Rui-Heng Zhang, Wen-Da Zhou, Hao-Tian Wu, Chu-Yao Yu, Yi-Tong Li, Yi-Fan Li, Jost B. Jonas, Wen-Bin Wei, Yue-Ming Liu
Summary: This study aimed to examine the intraocular tolerability of cetuximab when applied intravitreally, and its effect on axial elongation. The results showed that intravitreal injections of cetuximab could reduce axial elongation in a dose-dependent and number of treatment-dependent manner, without causing intraocular toxic effects.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Vicki Chrysostomou, Katharina C. Bell, Sze Woei Ng, Samyuktha Suresh, Gayathri Karthik, Marion Millet, Yingying Chung, Jonathan G. Crowston
Summary: We present a new experimental model for inducing retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction and degeneration in mice. This model allows for the reliable induction of RGC dysfunction and loss, with the resilience of the optic nerve being dependent on the age of the animal. The time-defined nature of the functional and structural changes observed in this model will facilitate the study of glial responses and the evaluation of neuroprotective treatments after intraocular pressure (IOP) injury.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Isaac A. Bernstein, Ann Caroline Fisher, Kuldev Singh, Sophia Y. Wang
Summary: This study aims to investigate the association between visual field loss and frailty in a nationally representative cohort of US adults.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Ossama Mahmoud, Han Zhang, Nicholas Matton, Shahzad I. Mian, Bradford Tannen, Nambi Nallasamy
Summary: Accurate identification of surgical phases is crucial for improving surgical feedback and performance analysis. This study developed four machine learning architectures and achieved high-performance automated phase identification for cataract surgery, providing both qualitative and quantitative feedback and highlighting its potential.
OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Rinkal Suwal, Mahesh Kumar Dev, Bijay Khatri, Deepak Khadka, Arjun Shrestha, Samata Sharma, Madan Prasad Upadhyay
Summary: This study compared the effectiveness of active vision therapy (AVT) and conventional patching therapy in improving visual acuity (VA) and stereoacuity in children with amblyopia. The results showed that AVT had a greater impact on improving stereoacuity compared to patching therapy, but there was no significant difference in terms of VA improvement.
JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY
(2024)
