Mycology

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Article Mycology

Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa-2021

N. N. Wijayawardene, K. D. Hyde, D. Q. Dai, M. Sanchez-Garcia, B. T. Goto, R. K. Saxena, M. Erdogdu, F. Selcuk, K. C. Rajeshkumar, A. Aptroot, J. Blaszkowski, N. Boonyuen, G. A. da Silva, F. A. de Souza, W. Dong, D. Ertz, D. Haelewaters, E. B. G. Jones, S. C. Karunarathna, P. M. Kirk, M. Kukwa, J. Kumla, D. Leontyev, H. T. Lumbsch, S. S. N. Maharachchikumbura, F. Marguno, P. Martinez-Rodriguez, A. Mesic, J. S. Monteiro, F. Oehl, J. Pawlowska, D. Pem, W. P. Pfliegler, A. J. L. Phillips, A. Posta, M. Q. He, J. X. Li, M. Raza, O. P. Sruthi, S. Suetrong, N. Suwannarach, L. Tedersoo, V Thiyagaraja, S. Tibpromma, Z. Tkalcec, Y. S. Tokarev, D. N. Wanasinghe, D. S. A. Wijesundara, S. D. M. K. Wimalaseana, H. Madrid, G. Q. Zhang, Y. Gao, I Sanchez-Castro, L. Z. Tang, M. Stadler, A. Yurkov, M. Thines

Summary: This paper presents an updated classification of the Kingdom Fungi, including fungus-like taxa and fossil fungi. It provides detailed notes for newly introduced taxa and changes made since the previous outline. The paper discusses the latest taxonomic changes in Basidiomycota and broadly explores the classification of Mycosphaerellales. It also discusses problematic genera in Glomeromycota based on phylogenetic analysis.

MYCOSPHERE (2022)

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Article Mycology

Global diversity and systematics of Hymenochaetaceae with poroid hymenophore

Fang Wu, Li-Wei Zhou, Josef Vlasak, Yu-Cheng Dai

Summary: This study presents the taxonomy and phylogeny of poroid Hymenochaetaceae based on comprehensive phylogenetic analyses. New genera, species, and combinations are introduced. The study recognizes 672 species in 34 genera and provides a modern treatment of poroid Hymenochaetaceae worldwide. Identification keys for accepted species are provided.

FUNGAL DIVERSITY (2022)

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Article Mycology

High-throughput sequencing view on the magnitude of global fungal diversity

Petr Baldrian, Tomas Vetrovsky, Clementine Lepinay, Petr Kohout

Summary: High-throughput DNA sequencing has revolutionized biodiversity research in mycology, with over 200 studies generating 250 million sequences of the mycological marker ITS2. The total estimated extant fungal diversity is 6.28 million taxa, with Ascomycota and Basidiomycota dominating. Soil and litter have the highest alpha diversity of fungi, while lichens and plant tissues have the highest proportion of unknown species.

FUNGAL DIVERSITY (2022)

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Review Mycology

Endophytic fungi: a tool for plant growth promotion and sustainable agriculture

Everlon Cid Rigobelo, Noemi Carla Baron

Summary: Endophytic fungi colonize plant tissues without causing disease symptoms, benefiting both the host plant and themselves. They have been found to provide direct benefits through nutrient acquisition and phytohormone production, as well as indirect benefits such as inducing resistance, producing antibiotics and secondary metabolites, producing siderophores, and protecting against abiotic and biotic stresses. The mechanisms of these interactions are discussed in depth.

MYCOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON FUNGAL BIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Mycology

The numbers of fungi: are the most speciose genera truly diverse?

Chitrabhanu S. Bhunjun, Tuula Niskanen, Nakarin Suwannarach, Nopparat Wannathes, Yi-Jyun Chen, Eric H. C. McKenzie, Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura, Bart Buyck, Chang-Lin Zhao, Yu-Guang Fan, Jing-Yi Zhang, Asha J. Dissanayake, Diana S. Marasinghe, Ruvishika S. Jayawardena, Jaturong Kumla, Mahajabeen Padamsee, Ya-Ya Chen, Kare Liimatainen, Joseph F. Ammirati, Chayanard Phukhamsakda, Jian-Kui Liu, Wiphawanee Phonrob, Emile Randrianjohany, Sinang Hongsanan, Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Digvijayini Bundhun, Surapong Khuna, Wen-Jie Yu, Lun-Sha Deng, Yong-Zhong Lu, Kevin D. Hyde, Saisamorn Lumyong

Summary: Fungi play important roles in ecosystems, but their diversity is still uncertain. The importance of DNA-based methods for species identification and differentiation has been demonstrated. Many new species have been discovered in understudied regions and habitats in recent studies.

FUNGAL DIVERSITY (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Pseudomonas indica-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles: Antifungal and Antioxidant Biogenic Tool for Suppressing Mucormycosis Fungi

Salem S. Salem, Omar M. Ali, Ahmed M. Reyad, Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam, Amr H. Hashem

Summary: In this study, silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized using Pseudomonas indica, showing excellent antifungal activity and antioxidant activity without cytotoxicity on normal human cells. The biosynthesized AgNPs could be considered as effective antifungals, especially for fungi causing mucormycosis.

JOURNAL OF FUNGI (2022)

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Article Mycology

Updating species diversity of Colletotrichum, with a phylogenomic overview

F. Liu, Z. Y. Ma, L. W. Hou, Y. Z. Diao, W. P. Wu, U. Damm, S. Song, L. Cai

Summary: This study provides a comprehensive investigation of the diversity and host occurrence of the genus Colletotrichum, and generates the most comprehensive genome tree, enhancing our understanding of the diversity and phylogenetic relationships in this genus.

STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Multifunctional Silver Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan: Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, Antifungal, Antioxidant, and Wound-Healing Activities

Amr M. Shehabeldine, Salem S. Salem, Omar M. Ali, Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam, Fathy M. Elkady, Amr H. Hashem

Summary: This study successfully prepared chitosan-stabilized silver nanoparticles with antibacterial, antibiofilm, antifungal, antioxidant, and wound healing activities, which were confirmed through various tests and analyses.

JOURNAL OF FUNGI (2022)

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Review Mycology

Mycoparasitism as a mechanism of Trichoderma- mediated suppression of plant diseases

Prasun K. Mukherjee, Artemio Mendoza-Mendoza, Susanne Zeilinger, Benjamin A. Horwitz

Summary: Trichoderma spp. are widely used as plant disease biocontrol agents in agriculture, mainly through mycoparasitism to reduce pathogen inocula. They exhibit different nutritional modes and cause varying levels of damage to host cells in their interactions.

FUNGAL BIOLOGY REVIEWS (2022)

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Article Microbiology

A Comprehensive Insight into Fungal Enzymes: Structure, Classification, and Their Role in Mankind's Challenges

Hamada El-Gendi, Ahmed K. Saleh, Raied Badierah, Elrashdy M. Redwan, Yousra A. El-Maradny, Esmail M. El-Fakharany

Summary: Enzymes play a crucial role in various applications in mankind, and fungal enzymes are particularly suitable for medicinal, industrial, bioremediation, and agricultural purposes. Fungal enzymes have appropriate stability and cost effectiveness, making them widely used in various industries.

JOURNAL OF FUNGI (2022)

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Article Mycology

The numbers of fungi: contributions from traditional taxonomic studies and challenges of metabarcoding

Chayanard Phukhamsakda, Rolf Henrik Nilsson, Chitrabhanu S. Bhunjun, Antonio Roberto Gomes de Farias, Ya-Ru Sun, Subodini N. Wijesinghe, Mubashar Raza, Dan-Feng Bao, Li Lu, Saowaluck Tibpromma, Wei Dong, Danushka S. Tennakoon, Xing-Guo Tian, Yin-Ru Xiong, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Lei Cai, Zong-Long Luo, Yong Wang, Ishara S. Manawasinghe, Erio Camporesi, Paul M. Kirk, Itthayakorn Promputtha, Chang-Hsin Kuo, Hong-Yan Su, Mingkwan Doilom, Yu Li, Yong-Ping Fu, Kevin D. Hyde

Summary: In this study, the diversity of fungi and the trends in species descriptions are examined based on 12 ascomycete genera. New species are introduced in each genus to emphasize the importance of traditional morpho-molecular methods. The relationship between the divergence times of these genera with those of their hosts is discussed, and the possibility of more species in these genera is hypothesized. The study also suggests hosts and habitats that should be investigated for novel species discovery.

FUNGAL DIVERSITY (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Endophytic Fungi: An Effective Alternative Source of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds for Pharmacological Studies

Juan Wen, Samuel Kumi Okyere, Shu Wang, Jianchen Wang, Lei Xie, Yinan Ran, Yanchun Hu

Summary: This review summarized the research progress on the structures, biological activities, and pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of compounds produced by endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi have high potential as an alternative source of secondary metabolites for pharmacological studies.

JOURNAL OF FUNGI (2022)

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Article Mycology

Identification and characterization of two new Gymnosporangium species causing rust on Juniperus rigida in China

Lei Wang, Chang Sun, Sen Jia, Ying-Mei Liang

Summary: A serious Juniperus rigida rust disease was found in Gansu Province, China, along with rust disease on both Cotoneaster multiflorus and Sorbus. Two novel Gymnosporangium species were identified, and their life cycles were determined.

MYCOLOGIA (2022)

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Article Mycology

Generic boundaries in the Ophiostomatales reconsidered and revised

Z. W. de Beer, M. Procter, M. J. Wingfield, S. Marincowitz, T. A. Duong

Summary: The Ophiostomatales is a group of fungi that cause plant and human diseases and have associations with insects. This study used DNA-based methods to redefine the genera within the Order and discovered new genera. The findings contribute to the classification knowledge of Ophiostomatales and resolve some nomenclatural issues.

STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY (2022)

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Review Dermatology

Global prevalence and subgroup analyses of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) associated Candida auris infections (CACa): A systematic review and meta-analysis

Narges Vaseghi, Joobin Sharifisooraki, Hossein Khodadadi, Sanam Nami, Fatemeh Safari, Fatemeh Ahangarkani, Jacques F. Meis, Hamid Badali, Hamid Morovati

Summary: This study evaluates the global prevalence of Coronavirus-associated Candida auris infection (CACa) and finds a decrease in prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Men are more prone to C. auris infection and hypertension is the most common comorbidity.

MYCOSES (2022)

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Article Dermatology

Results from a national survey on COVID-19-associated mucormycosis in Germany: 13 patients from six tertiary hospitals

Danila Seidel, Michaela Simon, Rosanne Sprute, Matthias Lubnow, Katja Evert, Claudius Speer, Jessica Seessle, Elham Khatamzas, Uta Merle, Christopher Behrens, Igor Wolfgang Blau, Philipp Enghard, Christian S. Haas, Joerg Steinmann, Oliver Kurzai, Oliver A. Cornely

Summary: COVID-19-associated mucormycosis is rare in Germany, mostly reported in patients with comorbidities and impaired immune system who have severe COVID-19 and are treated in the ICU, with a high mortality rate. Compared to mainly rhino-orbito-cerebral CAM in patients with mild COVID-19 in India, the risk for CAM is higher in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

MYCOSES (2022)

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Article Mycology

Taxonomy, phylogeny, molecular dating and ancestral state reconstruction of Xylariomycetidae (Sordariomycetes)

Milan C. Samarakoon, Kevin D. Hyde, Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura, Marc Stadler, E. B. Gareth Jones, Itthayakorn Promputtha, Nakarin Suwannarach, Erio Camporesi, Timur S. Bulgakov, Jian-Kui Liu

Summary: This research focused on inconspicuous stromatic xylarialean taxa from several countries and identified 39 new taxa, including a new family, five new genera, 27 new species, and seven new host/geographical records. The analysis suggests that stromatic variations mostly occurred during the Cretaceous period.

FUNGAL DIVERSITY (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Biochar on Growth, Nutrient Absorption, and Physiological Properties of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Jiahua Sun, Qiong Jia, Yi Li, Ting Zhang, Jiayuan Chen, Yanan Ren, Kanglong Dong, Shuai Xu, Nan-Nan Shi, Shenglei Fu

Summary: This study investigated the effects of biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) on maize growth, nutrient absorption, and physiological properties. The results showed that individual application of biochar or AMFs increased maize growth and mineral contents. However, biochar had a negative effect on mycorrhizal colonization, and there were no synergistic effects between biochar and AMFs on maize growth, nutrient absorption, and photosynthetic pigments.

JOURNAL OF FUNGI (2022)

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Review Mycology

Freshwater fungal numbers

Mark S. Calabon, Kevin D. Hyde, E. B. Gareth Jones, Zong-Long Luo, Wei Dong, Vedprakash G. Hurdeal, Eleni Gentekaki, Walter Rossi, Marco Leonardi, Vinodhini Thiyagaraja, Anis S. Lestari, Hong-Wei Shen, Dan-Feng Bao, Nattawut Boonyuen, Ming Zeng

Summary: This review provides a comprehensive account of fungal classification in freshwater habitats, based on biodiversity studies and recent morpho-phylogenetic analyses. The analysis includes 3,870 listed species with additional details on isolation source, habitat, geographical distribution, and molecular data. The study reveals that Ascomycota is the dominant phylum, with Sordariomycetes being the most abundant class in freshwater fungi.

FUNGAL DIVERSITY (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Fungal Endophytes: A Potential Source of Antibacterial Compounds

Sunil K. Deshmukh, Laurent Dufosse, Hemraj Chhipa, Sanjai Saxena, Girish B. Mahajan, Manish Kumar Gupta

Summary: Antibiotic resistance is a pressing issue due to the frequent use of antibiotics, and the enhancement of antimicrobial resistance is strengthening the pathogenicity of infectious microbes. Bioactive metabolites with unique skeletons found in endophytic fungi may be helpful in preventing the increase of antimicrobial resistance.

JOURNAL OF FUNGI (2022)

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