Article
Medicine, Legal
Nysrine Mannani, Mounir El Boujamaai, Aicha Sifou, Mohamed Bennani, Chakib El Adlouni, El Hassane Abdennebi, Abdellah Zinedine
Summary: This study investigated the presence of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A in dried fruits and grape juices collected in Morocco. The results showed that some samples were contaminated, but the exposure levels were lower than safety guidelines.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Lucija Barbaric, Slavena Cukrov Bezbradica
Summary: Genetic markers are valuable tools in forensic identification of fiber-type and drug-type cannabis. However, chemotype-associated PCR markers are not reliable for forensic samples. THCAS sequencing can characterize samples of unknown origin, showing high genetic similarity among hemp varieties. There is a clear distinction between fiber-type and drug-type cannabis, but no clear distinction among different chemotypes. Amino acid substitutions in THCAS can effectively differentiate hemp varieties.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
M. Clare Butler Ellis, Edgars Felkers, Sarah Adham, Anne-Kim Vinck, Kathrin Buerling, Neil Morgan
Summary: Aiming to revise the default air concentration values and assumptions used in assessing vapor exposure, CropLife Europe compiled a database of field measurements of pesticide active ingredients. The study compared predictions of concentration from the BROWSE model with field measurements of average concentrations and found that the model provides a satisfactory level of conservatism in determining potential exposures to vapor. It could be a reliable alternative to the current EFSA approach for predicting vapor inhalation exposures when compound-specific data is lacking.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Molly Miranker, Alberto Giordano
Summary: This paper addresses the issues of migrant death in the Texas-Mexico border context, presenting the first comprehensive geospatial analysis of migrant deaths in South Texas and introducing the concept of necrosilences. The findings highlight the consistent presence of unidentified human remains in jurisdictions inland from the Mexican border and the existence of vast areas seemingly devoid of migrant deaths, emphasizing the importance of visualizing necrosilences.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Daniele Wikoff, Caroline Ring, Michael DeVito, Nigel Walker, Linda Birnbaum, Laurie Haws
Summary: This study aims to develop a weighting framework to evaluate and integrate information on study quality and relevance in order to obtain more reliable toxic equivalency factors (TEFs). Using a machine learning approach, the weighting framework was applied to the REP2004 database and provides information on TEFs for risk assessment and decision-making support.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Gina M. Hilton, Yadvinder Bhuller, John E. Doe, Douglas C. Wolf, Richard A. Currie
Summary: Regulatory science aims to identify, assess, and manage harm caused by exposure to hazardous substances. However, existing legal frameworks often struggle to adapt to evolving scientific advancements, highlighting the need to incorporate modern technology to fulfil regulatory requirements effectively.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Casey M. Jarvis, Devin Kress, Janean Hanka, Wayne Moorehead, Jack Hietpas
Summary: This study investigates the use of a high-throughput, nondestructive, and low-cost quantitative automated image analysis routine for the characterization and discrimination of small arms propellants (SAP). The results show that size-dependent metrics play a significant role in sample discrimination. The findings provide a framework for interpreting propellant micromorphometry in the context of intelligence purposes and criminal investigations.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Zhihui Li, Lanchi Xie, Huaqing Song
Summary: Forensic facial image comparison based on recognition algorithms has been widely used in forensic science. This paper proposes a dual-systems model and utilizes Bayesian networks as the basic framework. Experimental results show that the likelihood ratio performance of the dual-systems model is better than a single system, and the method of model building and evaluation can also be applied to multiple systems.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Christian Haarkotter, Maria Saiz, Xiomara Galvez, Diana C. Vinueza-Espinosa, Maria Isabel Medina-Lozano, Jose Antonio Lorente, Juan Carlos Alvarez
Summary: This research evaluated the performance of various DNA quantification and autosomal STRs amplification kits in 62 degraded skeletal remains. The study found that InnoQuantTM HY Fast was the most sensitive kit, while InvestigatorTM 24Plex QS also showed good sensitivity in the samples. Therefore, these two kits were determined to be the best tandem.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Nancy Ngum, Margareth Ndomondo-Sigonda, Stuart Walker, Sam Salek
Summary: The aim of this study is to demonstrate how regional medicines regulatory harmonisation programmes can contribute to the effectiveness and efficiency of the African Medicines Agency (AMA). The study highlights the establishment of structures and workstreams by the AMA, based on the experience of the East African Community Medicines Regulatory Harmonisation (EAC-MRH) programme. It emphasizes the importance of strong national regulatory authorities and regional programmes for the success of the AMA.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Chad M. Thompson, Christopher Kirman, Mark A. Harris
Summary: This article describes the presence of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in drinking water and the safety standards for its concentration. It explores the effects of different mechanisms on the carcinogenicity of Cr(VI). By using PBPK models and tumor incidence data, alternative safety standards for different Cr(VI) concentrations can be derived. Additionally, weaknesses in the rationale used by the U.S. EPA to discount in vivo genotoxicity studies are highlighted.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Legal
William J. Gee
Summary: Disposable gloves are inherently contaminated, and the chemical residues on them can be transferred to other surfaces. This is a crucial consideration for forensic science and surface analyses. This review summarizes previous reports on chemical transference from gloves and explores the correlation between the contaminants and the glove materials.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Sang -Tae Kim, Kan Shao, Christine Oleschkewitz, Ryan Hamilton
Summary: This study provides a quantitative cancer risk assessment of formaldehyde in personal care products containing formaldehyde-donor preservatives. The results show that the cancer risk to consumers using these products is negligible.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Natalie Burden, Rebecca J. Brown, Breanne Holmes, Grace H. Panter, Edward R. Salinas, Fiona Sewell, Lennart Weltje, James R. Wheeler, Yvonne Wolf, Laurent Lagadic
Summary: Vitellogenin is a biomarker used to assess endocrine activity of certain chemicals. However, its measurement can be variable, leading to concerns about the accuracy of results. A survey of testing laboratories highlighted the challenges in assessing Vitellogenin and suggested improvements in measurement methods.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Rosemary T. Zaleski, Andreas Ahrens, Jon A. Arnot, Richard A. Becker, Mark Bonnell, Sean Collins, Paul DeLeo, Peter Egeghy, Michelle Embry, Todd Gouin, Kristin Isaacs, Elke Jensen
Summary: The QSUR Summit held in November 2022 focused on advancing the development and use of QSURs for chemical substance prioritization, risk assessment, and mitigation. Experts from various countries discussed the importance of data collection, sharing, and quantification of chemical quantities. Collaborative approaches were proposed to address challenges such as protecting proprietary information. The discussions also highlighted the potential applications of QSURs in sustainable formulation discovery and the need for case studies in specific problem formulations.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Donata Favretto, Cindi Visentin, Anna Aprile, Claudio Terranova, Alessandro Cinquetti
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of delayed sample collection on the toxicological assessment of driving-under-the-influence offenders. The results showed that out of 318 drivers, 143 blood samples tested positive for cannabinoids, and 173 samples tested positive for cannabinoid metabolites. Delayed sample collection had an impact on the assessment of toxicological concentrations.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Brenna M. Flannery, Alexandra E. Turley, Njwen Anyangwe, Antonia Mattia, Catherine Whiteside, Steven Hermansky, Heather R. Schaefer, Tina Tyler, Suzanne C. Fitzpatrick
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the utility of dog study data in safety assessment for food and color additives submitted to the FDA. The impact of dog study data on the final safety decision was assessed, and different categories were assigned based on this impact. The study also compared the differences between dog study data and rodent study data.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Hongdan Wang, Bing Kang, Yue Gao, Mengting Zhang, Jincheng Jiang, Junxiang Su, Bo Zhang, Bofeng Zhu, Shixiu Liao
Summary: Microhaplotypes (MHs), small sets of linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are becoming a valuable tool for paternity testing, personal identification, and forensic applications. In this study, a set of 90 autosomal MHs with lengths ranging from 90-150 bp were selected and assembled into an amplification multiplex system for forensic application. The results showed that these 90 MHs have high polymorphisms, especially in the East Asian population.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Qinghong Zhou, Shufei Li, Miao Zhao, Yinghua Liu, Ning He, Xiaoli Zhou, Dianming Zhou, Zhiyong Qian
Summary: This study investigated the potential effects of GM maize GG2 in a 90-day feeding study on Wistar Han RCC rats. The results showed that feeding rats with GG2 maize did not cause biologically relevant differences compared to non-GM maize in terms of physiological indicators, clinical symptoms, and pathology.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Vick Kostrubsky, Ying Liu, Cathy Muste, Chungang Gu, Melissa Kirkland, Naoko Nishimura, Keiko Hasegawa, Keiji Hasumi, Long Yuan
Summary: BIIB131, a small molecule currently in Phase 2 for acute ischemic stroke treatment, was evaluated for its safety and metabolism in rats and monkeys. The exposure of BIIB131 increased dose-proportionally in rats, but more than dose-proportionally in monkeys. The drug showed poor metabolism in microsomes and inhibited cardiac channels without affecting cardiovascular parameters. The toxicity findings were limited to reversible hematuria, changes in urinary parameters, and local effects. A maximum tolerated dose was determined for monkeys, and the Phase 1 study confirmed the linear drug exposure within the safety margins. Overall, the preclinical profile of BIIB131 supports its further clinical development.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
