Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Stefanie Brezina, Martin Borkovec, Andreas Baierl, Fabienne Bastian, Andreas Futschik, Nikolaus Gasche, Thomas Gruenberger, Michael Hallas, Christian Jannsen, Gernot Leeb, Rebecca Lutz, Barbara Sladek, Andrea Gsur
Summary: The study evaluated the usability of FIT cartridges for microbiome analysis and compared it to Stool Collection and Preservation Tubes. The FIT and Preservation Tube samples had highly similar microbiome profiles, with minor differences between abundances of some bacterial taxa. The results indicate that FIT cartridges are suitable for gut microbiome analysis within CRC screening programs.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Emma L. Beamish, Judith Johnson, Barbara Shih, Rebecca Killick, Frank Dondelinger, Ciarra McGoran, Caitlan Brewster-Craig, Albert Davies, Arnab Bhowmick, Rachael J. Rigby
Summary: Loop ileostomy is a common surgical procedure for downstream tissue healing, but the reversal procedure is associated with substantial morbidity. This study investigated the potential influence of delaying ileostomy reversal surgery on clinical and pathological outcomes. The results showed that the length of time a stoma is in place does not impact the likelihood of complications. Microbiota diversity in the functional and defunctioned limb correlated within an individual and was not significantly different between those who experienced complications and those who didn't. Restoring intestinal microbiota numbers prior to reversal surgery may improve clinical outcomes.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Eve T. T. Beauchemin, Claire Hunter, Corinne F. F. Maurice
Summary: The composition of the gut bacterial community is well studied, but the metabolism and replication of these bacteria are not fully understood. In this study, the researchers developed a technique called EdU-click and FACSeq to identify actively replicating gut bacteria. They tested this technique on human gut bacterial isolates and mouse fecal bacteria, and found that certain bacteria, such as Prevotella UCG-001 and Ileibacterium, were enriched in the replicating fraction. They also demonstrated the application of this technique in studying the replication dynamics of gut bacteria exposed to antibiotics. Overall, this technique provides a valuable tool for studying the replication and abundance of gut bacteria in various ecological states.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Torben Solbeck Rasmussen, Caroline M. Junker Mentzel, Malene Refslund Danielsen, Rasmus Riemer Jakobsen, Line Sidsel Fisker Zachariassen, Josue Leonardo Castro Mejia, Anders Brunse, Lars Hestbjerg Hansen, Camilla Hartmann Friis Hansen, Axel Kornerup Hansen, Dennis Sandris Nielsen
Summary: This study investigates the use of fecal virome transplantation (FVT) to alter the gut microbiome composition and promote the colonization of conventional probiotics (LGG) and next-generation probiotics (AKM). The results show that FVT did not increase the abundance of these probiotics, but significantly increased the abundance of naturally occurring Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut. Additionally, the FVT-treated mice had a significantly higher fertility rate, suggesting a potential link between the gut microbiome and fertility.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tusha Sharma, Nagabhishek Sirpu Natesh, Ramesh Pothuraju, Surinder K. Batra, Satyanarayana Rachagani
Summary: The human gut microbiota can be disrupted by environmental contaminants such as pesticides, posing potential health risks. The metabolites produced by gut microbiota play a significant role in maintaining host health, and an imbalance in this system can lead to various diseases. Recent studies have shown that pesticides have harmful effects on the host's gut microbiota. Therefore, further research is needed to understand the impact of pesticides on gut microbiota-mediated metabolic changes, which may provide insights into pesticide-induced toxicity.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ana Maria Gomez-Perez, Patricia Ruiz-Limon, Jordi Salas-Salvado, Jesus Vioque, Dolores Corella, Montse Fito, Josep Vidal, Alessandro Atzeni, Laura Torres-Collado, Andrea Alvarez-Sala, Maria Angeles Martinez, Albert Goday, David Benaiges, Jesus Garcia-Gavilan, Maria Rosa Bernal Lopez, Isabel Moreno-Indias, Francisco J. Tinahones
Summary: This study found that the Mediterranean diet and physical activity can change the scores for liver steatosis and liver fibrosis within one year, and these changes are related to changes in gut microbiota. The findings are important for identifying microbiota-based biomarkers for NAFLD and developing strategies to modulate gut microbiota in the treatment of NAFLD.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jonathan M. Keane, Vanessa Las Heras, Jorge Pinheiro, Jamie A. FitzGerald, Maria A. Nunez-Sanchez, Cara M. Hueston, Liam O'Mahony, Paul D. Cotter, Colin Hill, Silvia Melgar, Cormac G. M. Gahan
Summary: A high-fat diet reduces resistance to Listeria monocytogenes, but short-term administration of Akkermansia muciniphila increases resistance to oral and systemic infection of L. monocytogenes in mice fed a high-fat diet. A. muciniphila reduces inflammation in the gut and liver, and normalizes the inflammatory cell infiltration in the ileum. It does not significantly affect the microbiota composition or microbial metabolites.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Shuchun Wei, Xiaohan Wu, Meilin Chen, Zixuan Xiang, Xiangyun Li, Jixiang Zhang, Weiguo Dong
Summary: The study found that Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) infection exacerbates ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the link between Fn-infected intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-derived exosomes (Fn-Exo) and UC progression has not been investigated. Differential expression of miRNAs in Fn-Exo and non-infected IECs-derived exosomes (Con-Exo) was identified, and the biological role and mechanism of Fn-Exo in UC development were determined.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Heloise Chat, Guillaume Dalmasso, Catherine Godfraind, Virginie Bonnin, Racha Beyrouthy, Mathilde Bonnet, Nicolas Barnich, Amel Mettouchi, Emmanuel Lemichez, Richard Bonnet, Julien Delmas
Summary: This study found that colorectal cancer patients are often colonized by colibactin-producing Escherichia coli (CoPEC) bacteria, and half of the CoPEC bacteria also contain the cnf1 gene, which enhances their impact on eukaryotic cells. Mutations containing both the colibactin and cnf1 genes induced higher levels of inflammation and senescence markers compared to mutations containing only the colibactin gene. Additionally, mice inoculated with the mutation containing both genes developed significantly fewer tumors and had a changed microbiota composition.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lina Lawenius, Carrie Cowardin, Louise Grahnemo, Julia M. Scheffler, Karin Horkeby, Cecilia Engdahl, Jianyao Wu, Liesbeth Vandenput, Antti Koskela, Juha Tuukkanen, Eivind Coward, Kristian Hveem, Arnulf Langhammer, Sanna Abrahamsson, Jeffrey I. Gordon, Klara Sjogren, Claes Ohlsson
Summary: Transplanting gut microbiota from old mice to young mice reduces lean mass percentage but has no significant effect on bone mass. The presence of Bacteroides ovatus is significantly associated with high lean mass percentage and lean mass adjusted for fat mass.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anna DeVeaux, Jian Ryou, Gautam Dantas, Barbara B. Warner, Phillip I. Tarr
Summary: Microbiome-targeting therapies, such as probiotics and prebiotics, have shown mixed results in preventing diseases in preterm infants. While they are generally considered safe, there is uncertainty regarding their effectiveness in neonatal intensive care units. Recent comprehensive meta-analyses highlight limitations in the trials supporting the routine use of probiotics, making it challenging to confidently recommend their universal administration to preterm infants.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Arianna Basile, Almut Heinken, Johannes Hertel, Larry Smarr, Weizhong Li, Laura Treu, Giorgio Valle, Stefano Campanaro, Ines Thiele
Summary: This study employs constraint-based microbial community modeling to investigate an individual with episodic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The individual has well-documented colonic inflammatory biomarkers and metagenomically-sequenced fecal time series. Results show time-correlated microbial species and metabolites in the individual's microbial ecology during the disease state. Dysbiosis in the gut microbiome affects metabolite production and has consequences on other organs in the body.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ming Hong, Tin Lan, Qiuxia Li, Binfei Li, Yong Yuan, Feng Xu, Weijia Wang
Summary: The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines varies and it may be influenced by the gut microbiota in individuals. The gut microbiota may either enhance or reduce the vaccine's efficacy. Understanding this interaction is crucial for developing effective vaccines and interventions. This review analyzes the evidence and explores the possibility of using gut microbiota-focused interventions to improve the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Samuli Rautava, Marta Selma-Royo, Teo Oksanen, Maria Carmen Collado, Erika Isolauri
Summary: The composition of gut microbiota in pregnant women from different time periods was investigated, revealing distinct profiles in each period. The pregnant women from 1997 exhibited higher microbiota richness and diversity compared to those from 2007 to 2017. The cause of the decline in gut microbiota richness and diversity remains unclear, as there were no major changes in the population, dietary practices, or antibiotic use during the study.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Silvia Garcia, Sheyla Ordonez, Victor Manuel Lopez-Molina, Blanca Lacruz-Pleguezuelos, Enrique Carrillo de Santa Pau, Laura Judith Marcos-Zambrano
Summary: Citizens lack knowledge about gut microbiota's impact on health and how lifestyle choices can affect it, leading to NCDs. Participatory action research (PAR) was used to enhance communication and encourage healthier behaviors. Integrating the photovoice method with citizen science approaches, participants collected samples for gut microbiome analysis and created themes depicting the influence of habits on gut health.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Rahul Gomes, Ashleigh Denison Kroschel, Stephanie Day, Rick Jansen
Summary: By analyzing RNA-seq data of three pathogenic E. coli hybrid isolates, researchers have identified differences in gene interactions caused by different virulent factors, especially in metabolism-related biological pathways. This suggests potential variations in resource allocation or energy generation among these isolates based on genomic variation.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ming Liu, Heng Wang, Ying Liu, Miao Tian, Zhao Wang, Run-Dong Shu, Meng-Yu Zhao, Wei-Di Chen, Hao Wang, Hui Wang, Yang Fu
Summary: Vibrio cholerae uses the Type VI secretion system (T6SS) to deliver anti-prokaryotic effectors and gain advantage in bacterial competition. In this study, a phospholipase effector called Tle1(Vc) was discovered, which is secreted by T6SS in V. cholerae. Tle1(Vc) shows antibacterial activity and induces bacterial motility by increasing the expression of flagellar-related genes independently of functional T6SS and the tit-for-tat (TFT) response.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Micah J. Worley
Summary: The mammalian immune system plays a major role in preventing and controlling infections caused by enteropathogens. The gastrointestinal tissues serve as the main interface with the environment, and about 70% of the human immune system is dedicated to patrolling them. The defenses include microflora and physical barriers, as well as innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. However, some bacterial enteropathogens have developed virulence factors to overcome these defenses, leading to mild to severe human diseases.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Qi Su, Hein M. Tun, Qin Liu, Yun Kit Yeoh, Joyce Wing Yan Mak, Francis K. L. Chan, Siew C. Ng
Summary: This study examined the association between gut microbiota and Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subtypes, and found that there are distinct differences in microbiota composition among different IBS subtypes. The microbial diversity is significantly reduced in IBS-D and IBS-U, but not in IBS-C. The study also identified microbial signatures associated with depression in IBS patients. Factors such as gender, age, and dietary patterns have significant effects on gut microbiota in different IBS subtypes. These findings emphasize the importance of personalized gut microbiome modulation approaches for optimal therapeutic effects in different subtypes of IBS.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Iam van Thiel, W. J. de Jonge, R. M. van den Wijngaard
Summary: Although the gut microbiota consists of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, most studies on the microbiota-gut-brain axis in IBS have primarily focused on bacteria due to their higher presence. However, recent research on the intestinal mycobiome in inflammatory bowel disease suggests that the low numbers of fungi and viruses may still have relevance. This review discusses the current IBS mycobiome data and how these findings could relate to previous observations in IBS, as well as identifies questions for future research.
