Gastroenterology & Hepatology

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Ginseng polysaccharides alter the gut microbiota and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, potentiating the antitumour effect of antiprogrammed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) immunotherapy

Jumin Huang, Di Liu, Yuwei Wang, Liang Liu, Jian Li, Jing Yuan, Zhihong Jiang, Zebo Jiang, W. L. Wendy Hsiao, Haizhou Liu, Imran Khan, Ying Xie, Jianlin Wu, Yajia Xie, Yizhong Zhang, Yu Fu, Junyi Liao, Wenjun Wang, Huanling Lai, Axi Shi, Jun Cai, Lianxiang Luo, Runze Li, Xiaojun Yao, Xingxing Fan, Qibiao Wu, Zhongqiu Liu, Peiyu Yan, Jingguang Lu, Mingrong Yang, Lin Wang, Yabing Cao, Hong Wei, Elaine Lai-Han Leung

Summary: This study demonstrated that the combination of GPs and alpha PD-1 mAb enhanced the antitumor response by modulating gut microbiota. The GPs increased microbial metabolites and reshaped gut microbiota towards responders, sensitizing non-small cell lung cancer patients to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Additionally, gut microbiota could serve as a novel biomarker to predict the response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

GUT (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatic fibrosis: 2022 Unmet needs and a blueprint for the future

Scott L. Friedman, Massimo Pinzani

Summary: Steady progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis and clinical consequences of hepatic fibrosis, but effective antifibrotic drugs are yet to be approved. This article highlights the successes and identifies gaps and unmet needs in both experimental and clinical aspects. Clarifying the mechanisms of fibrosis regression and developing better models will expedite drug development, while improving diagnostics and utilizing digital pathology methods can enhance prognostic information and better quantify therapeutic responses.

HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident chronic kidney disease: an updated meta-analysis

Alessandro Mantovani, Graziana Petracca, Giorgia Beatrice, Alessandro Csermely, Amedeo Lonardo, Jorn M. Schattenberg, Herbert Tilg, Christopher D. Byrne, Giovanni Targher

Summary: This meta-analysis confirms a significant association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It also suggests that the severity of NAFLD may influence the risk of CKD.

GUT (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Global multi-stakeholder endorsement of the MAFLD definition

Nahum Mendez-Sanchez, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Robert G. Gish, Frank Lammert, Herbert Tilg, Mindie H. Nguyen, Shiv K. Sarin, Nuria Fabrellas, Shira Zelber-Sagi, Jian-Gao Fan, Gamal Shiha, Giovanni Targher, Ming-Hua Zheng, Wah-Kheong Chan, Shlomo Vinker, Takumi Kawaguchi, Laurent Castera, Yusuf Yilmaz, Marko Korenjak, C. Wendy Spearman, Mehmet Ungan, Melissa Palmer, Mortada El-Shabrawi, Hans-Juergen Gruss, Jean-Francois Dufour, Anil Dhawan, Heiner Wedemeyer, Jacob George, Luca Valenti, Yasser Fouad, Manuel Romero-Gomez, Mohammed Eslam

LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The rising tide of early-onset colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review of epidemiology, clinical features, biology, risk factors, prevention, and early detection

Swati G. Patel, Jordan J. Karlitz, Timothy Yen, Christopher H. Lieu, C. Richard Boland

Summary: This Series paper provides a comprehensive review on the topic of early-onset colorectal cancer, including examining the epidemiology, clinical and pathological features, genetic and epigenetic landscapes, and emerging data on clinical risk factors associated with this malignancy. Evidence-based approaches to prevention and early detection are also presented.

LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Six-month follow-up of gut microbiota richness in patients with COVID-19

Yanfei Chen, Silan Gu, Yunbo Chen, Haifeng Lu, Ding Shi, Jing Guo, Wen-Rui Wu, Ya Yang, Yongtao Li, Kai-Jin Xu, Cheng Ding, Rui Luo, Chenjie Huang, Ling Yu, Min Xu, Ping Yi, Jun Liu, Jing-Jing Tao, Hua Zhang, Longxian Lv, Baohong Wang, Jifang Sheng, Lanjuan Li

GUT (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Risk Factors for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Dylan E. O'Sullivan, R. Liam Sutherland, Susanna Town, Kristian Chow, Jeremy Fan, Nauzer Forbes, Steven J. Heitman, Robert J. Hilsden, Darren R. Brenner

Summary: This study identified significant risk factors for early-onset colorectal cancer, including family history of colorectal cancer, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and alcohol consumption. Smoking was suggestive but not statistically significant as a risk factor. Other potential risk factors such as hypertension, metabolic syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and occupational exposure to organic dusts were also identified in limited studies. High-quality studies on generalizable populations are needed to further explore risk factors for early-onset colorectal cancer and inform prevention strategies.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Colorectal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mechanisms and Management

Shailja C. Shah, Steven H. Itzkowitz

Summary: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Chronic inflammation plays a key role in the development of neoplastic progression, resulting in dysplastic precursor lesions. Colitis-associated CRC shares molecular similarities with sporadic CRC and the microbiome and host immune system may also play a role. However, further research is needed to understand the specific molecular differences and their role in inflammation-associated cancers.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Effect of sarcopenia on survival in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-analysis

Xinxing Tantai, Yi Liu, Yee Hui Yeo, Michael Praktiknjo, Ezequiel Mauro, Yuhei Hamaguchi, Cornelius Engelmann, Peng Zhang, Jae Yoon Jeong, Jeroen Laurens Ad van Vugt, Huijuan Xiao, Huan Deng, Xu Gao, Qing Ye, Jiayuan Zhang, Longbao Yang, Yaqin Cai, Yixin Liu, Na Liu, Zongfang Li, Tao Han, Toshimi Kaido, Joo Hyun Sohn, Christian Strassburg, Thomas Berg, Jonel Trebicka, Yao-Chun Hsu, Jan Nicholaas Maria Ijzermans, Jinhai Wang, Grace L. Su, Fanpu Ji, Mindie H. Nguyen

Summary: There is a significant association between sarcopenia and increased mortality risk in patients with cirrhosis, especially in male patients, those with alcohol-associated liver disease, and those with Child-Pugh C cirrhosis. The severity and duration of sarcopenia are correlated with higher mortality rates. Raising awareness about the importance of sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis is crucial.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Efficacy and safety of biologics and small molecule drugs for patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Juan S. Lasa, Pablo A. Olivera, Silvio Danese, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet

Summary: This study compares the efficacy and safety of biologics and small molecule drugs for the treatment of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. The findings show that Upadacitinib performs well in inducing clinical remission, while Vedolizumab performs best in terms of safety.

LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The gut microbiome as a modulator of healthy ageing

Tarini Shankar Ghosh, Fergus Shanahan, Paul W. O'Toole

Summary: This review explores the relationship between the gut microbiome and aging, as well as unhealthy aging, and the potential for microbiome-directed interventions to promote healthy aging.

NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The Global Landscape of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Incidence and Mortality in 2020 and Projections to 2040: New Estimates From GLOBOCAN 2020

Eileen Morgan, Isabelle Soerjomataram, Harriet Rumgay, Helen G. Coleman, Aaron P. Thrift, Jerome Vignat, Mathieu Laversanne, Jacques Ferlay, Melina Arnold

Summary: This study provides an overview of the burden of esophageal cancer in 185 countries in the year 2020 and projections for 2040. The global incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer vary across countries and regions, with higher rates observed in males compared to females. The predicted burden in 2040 shows an increase in new cases and deaths from esophageal cancer.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Twenty-first Century Trends in the Global Epidemiology of Pediatric-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Systematic Review

M. Ellen Kuenzig, Stephen G. Fung, Luba Marderfeld, Joyce W. Y. Mak, Gilaad G. Kaplan, Siew C. Ng, David C. Wilson, Fiona Cameron, Paul Henderson, Paulo G. Kotze, Jasmine Bhatti, Vixey Fang, Samantha Gerber, Evelyne Guay, Supun Kotteduwa Jayawarden, Leo Kadota, Fernando D. Maldonado, Jessica Amankwah Osei, Ryan Sandarage, Amanda Stanton, Melissa Wan, Eric Benchimol

Summary: The incidence of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide, with the highest rates in Northern Europe and North America and the lowest rates in Southern Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Most studies reported significant increases in incidence, while there is limited data on very early onset IBD.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Global Incidence of Acute Pancreatitis Is Increasing Over Time: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jordan P. Iannuzzi, James A. King, Jessica Hope Leong, Joshua Quan, Joseph W. Windsor, Divine Tanyingoh, Stephanie Coward, Nauzer Forbes, Steven J. Heitman, Abdel-Aziz Shaheen, Mark Swain, Michael Buie, Fox E. Underwood, Gilaad G. Kaplan

Summary: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the global incidence of acute pancreatitis over the last 56 years, showing a steadily rising incidence in most Western countries. More research is needed to better define the changing incidence of acute pancreatitis in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Postacute COVID-19 is Characterized by Gut Viral Antigen Persistence in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Andreas Zollner, Robert Koch, Almina Jukic, Alexandra Pfister, Moritz Meyer, Annika Roessler, Janine Kimpel, Timon E. Adolph, Herbert Tilg

Summary: The study investigates whether the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antigen in infected tissues is responsible for postacute COVID-19 syndrome. The results suggest that viral antigen persistence may be the underlying cause of postacute COVID-19 and this concept should be validated in controlled clinical trials.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Caucasian lean subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease share long-term prognosis of non-lean: time for reappraisal of BMI-driven approach?

Ramy Younes, Olivier Govaere, Salvatore Petta, Luca Miele, Dina Tiniakos, Alastair Burt, Ezio David, Fabio Maria Vecchio, Marco Maggioni, Daniela Cabibi, Duncan McLeod, Maria Jesus Pareja, Anna Ludovica Fracanzani, Rocio Aller, Chiara Rosso, Javier Ampuero, Rocio Gallego-Duran, Angelo Armandi, Gian Paolo Caviglia, Marco Y. W. Zaki, Antonio Liguori, Paolo Francione, Grazia Pennisi, Antonio Grieco, Giovanni Birolo, Piero Fariselli, Mohammed Eslam, Luca Valenti, Jacob George, Manuel Romero-Gomez, Quentin Mark Anstee, Elisabetta Bugianesi

Summary: Lean Caucasian subjects with NAFLD may progress to advanced liver disease, develop metabolic comorbidities, and experience cardiovascular disease and liver-related mortality, independent of longitudinal progression to obesity and PNPLA3 genotype. These patients represent one end of a wide spectrum of phenotypic expression of NAFLD.

GUT (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and increased risk of incident extrahepatic cancers: a meta-analysis of observational cohort studies

Alessandro Mantovani, Graziana Petracca, Giorgia Beatrice, Alessandro Csermely, Herbert Tilg, Christopher D. Byrne, Giovanni Targher

Summary: This meta-analysis found that NAFLD was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing gastrointestinal cancers (esophagus, stomach, pancreas, or colorectal cancers) by nearly 1.5-fold to 2-fold, as well as an increased risk of developing lung, breast, gynecological, or urinary system cancers by approximately 1.2-fold to 1.5-fold. These risks were independent of age, sex, smoking, obesity, diabetes, or other potential confounders.

GUT (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Mary E. Rinella, Brent A. Neuschwander-Tetri, Mohammad Shadab Siddiqui, Manal F. Abdelmalek, Stephen Caldwell, Diana Barb, David E. Kleiner, Rohit Loomba

HEPATOLOGY (2023)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gemcitabine and cisplatin plus durvalumab with or without tremelimumab in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced biliary tract cancer: an open-label, single-centre, phase 2 study

Do-Youn Oh, Kyung-Hun Lee, Dae-Won Lee, Jeesun Yoon, Tae-Yong Kim, Ju-Hee Bang, Ah-Rong Nam, Kyoung-Seok Oh, Jae-Min Kim, Young Lee, Violeta Guthrie, Patricia McCoon, Weimin Li, Song Wu, Qu Zhang, Marlon C. Rebelatto, Jin Won Kim

Summary: In patients with advanced biliary tract cancer, gemcitabine and cisplatin plus immunotherapy showed promising efficacy and acceptable safety, with an objective response rate of 66%. The most common adverse events were hematological, with no unexpected safety events observed.

LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade with toripalimab, with or without celecoxib, in mismatch repair-deficient or microsatellite instability-high, locally advanced, colorectal cancer (P1CC): a single-centre, parallel-group, noncomparative, randomised, phase 2 trial

Huabin Hu, Liang Kang, Jianwei Zhang, Zehua Wu, Hui Wang, Meijin Huang, Ping Lan, Xiaojian Wu, Chao Wang, Wuteng Cao, Jiancong Hu, Yan Huang, Liang Huang, Huaiming Wang, Lishuo Shi, Yue Cai, Cailu Shen, Jiayu Ling, Xiaoyu Xie, Yonghua Cai, Xiaowen He, Ruoxu Dou, Jiaming Zhou, Tenghui Ma, Xingwei Zhang, Shuangling Luo, Weihao Deng, Li Ling, Hao Liu, Yanhong Deng

Summary: The study showed that neoadjuvant toripalimab with or without celecoxib could be a potential therapeutic option for patients with mismatch repair-deficient or microsatellite instability-high, locally advanced colorectal cancer. This treatment was associated with a high pathological complete response rate and an acceptable safety profile, which did not compromise surgery. Longer term follow-up is needed to assess effects on survival-related endpoints.

LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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