Article
Ethics
Maarten van Doorn
Summary: The debate on whether misinformation is harmful primarily focuses on the spread of false beliefs. However, besides deceiving people with false beliefs, misinformation also harms epistemic goods such as truth attainment, intellectual autonomy, and debate pluriformity.
INQUIRY-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY
(2023)
Article
Business
Simona Fiandrino, Melchior Gromis di Trana, Alberto Tonelli, Fabio Rizzato
Summary: This study explores how different actors in a knowledge ecosystem catalyze sustainability-oriented innovation by creating value through collaborative practices. It proposes a conceptual framework of metagovernance forms as powering layers to foster sustainability-oriented innovation in the ecosystem.
BUSINESS ETHICS THE ENVIRONMENT & RESPONSIBILITY
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Shelly Simana, Vardit Ravitsky, I. Glenn Cohen
Summary: Embryo mix-ups have occurred in various countries and pose ethical and legal complexities. This article explores four approaches to address such cases and recommends proactive resolution through legislation and guidelines to ensure consistency and comprehensive information provision.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Ingrid Bunker, Jana Zscheischler
Summary: This paper examines the acceptability of insect-based feed among different social actor groups and explores the value-based arguments influencing attitudes and perceived benefits and risks. The study finds that value-based arguments have a significant impact on the acceptability judgement, bringing forward critical voices regarding animal welfare and skepticism about the sustainability of insect-based feed. The research concludes that under certain conditions, insect-based livestock feed can contribute to incremental sustainability improvements, but there are limitations in terms of regulatory conditions and ethical concerns.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL & ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS
(2023)
Review
Ethics
Emma Gillette, Winstone Nyandiko, Ashley Chory, Michael Scanlon, Josephine Aluoch, Nandini Choudhury, Daniel Lagat, Celestine Ashimosi, Whitney Biegon, Dennis Munyoro, Janet Lidweye, Jack Nyagaya, Ilene Wilets, Allison Delong, Rami Kantor, Rachel Vreeman, Violet Naanyu
Summary: This research aims to identify key ethical considerations for the engagement of children and adolescents living with HIV (CALWH) in research. Through a systematic review, seven key domains were extracted, including community involvement, informed consent, caregiver involvement, and perceptions of benefits and risks. These findings can provide guidance for the ethical engagement of CALWH in research.
JOURNAL OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON HUMAN RESEARCH ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Joao Madruga Dias
Summary: The lack of scientific knowledge among the general public and decision-makers is a significant concern globally and in Portugal. This article highlights the dangers of living in a science-driven world with scientific illiteracy and the impact of the promotion of alternative therapies. The author proposes an evidence-based ethics reflection and argumentation to counter the arguments in favor of alternative therapies and the potential consequences for global and local health policies.
MONASH BIOETHICS REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Bart Custers
Summary: Technological developments allow for effective monitoring and control of individuals, but they also pose risks by bypassing legislation and courts, limiting the ability to challenge legal rules. This paper uses the analogy of evolutionary biology to argue that some deviation from the law is necessary for the further development of legal systems and the provision of fair solutions.
ETHICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ethics
V. Tesink, T. Douglas, L. Forsberg, S. Ligthart, G. Meynen
Summary: This research examines the ethical concerns surrounding the use of neurointerventions to reduce the risk of criminal reoffending. One major concern is the potential infringement of offenders' right to bodily integrity when neurointerventions are imposed without their valid consent. The study evaluates the extent, reasons, and severity of the infringement of bodily integrity in three different forms of neurointervention.
Article
Ethics
Louis Austin-Eames
Summary: In this paper, the author questions Crutchfield's argument that a covert moral bioenhancement (MBE) program is preferable. They provide novel reasons to doubt that covert MBE can better promote or preserve important values, and propose an autonomy-based consideration in favor of an overt MBE program. The study aims to provide recommendations for determining which type of MBE program is better, as it is currently unclear.
Article
Ethics
Natalie Dorfman, Lilly Snellman, Ynez Kerley, Kristin Kostick-Quenet, Gabriel Lazaro-Munoz, Eric A. Storch, Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby
Summary: This study explores the impact of hope and unrealistic optimism on decision-making about deep brain stimulation (DBS) for pediatric dystonia. Interviews with clinicians and caregivers reveal concerns about caregiver false hopes and desperation, leading clinicians to intentionally lower expectations. On the flip side, unrealistic pessimism may drive away potential DBS patients. Caregivers view DBS as a last option and have high hopes but reasonable expectations, although unmet expectations can cause negative feelings post-treatment.
Review
Ethics
Diana Adela Martin, Gunter Bombaerts, Maja Horst, Kyriaki Papageorgiou, Gianluigi Viscusi
Summary: This paper aims to explore the evolution of technological universities and their current responsibilities. Based on a literature review, five major pedagogical orientations of technological universities are identified. The concept of responsibility is broadened to complement each orientation of a technological university.
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Martin Sand, Michael Klenk
JOURNAL OF VALUE INQUIRY
(2023)
Review
Ethics
Yun Tang
JOURNAL OF VALUE INQUIRY
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Alistair Knott, Dino Pedreschi, Raja Chatila, Tapabrata Chakraborti, Susan Leavy, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, David Eyers, Andrew Trotman, Paul D. Teal, Przemyslaw Biecek, Stuart Russell, Yoshua Bengio
Summary: The new wave of 'foundation models' represents a significant advancement in AI technology. However, their use also introduces new risks, prompting discussions about potential regulatory mechanisms. This paper proposes a principle that organizations developing foundation models for public use must demonstrate a reliable content detection mechanism. This requirement is technically feasible and would play a crucial role in mitigating risks associated with new AI models. Further input from policymakers and researchers is needed.
ETHICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Marina Micheli, Isabelle Hupont, Blagoj Delipetrev, Josep Soler-Garrido
Summary: Nowadays, AI is widely used in various sectors, and the European Union has placed data and trustworthy AI at the center of recent legislative initiatives. This work evaluates the 36 most relevant approaches for documenting AI and datasets, considering European regulatory objectives, coverage of AI technologies and economic sectors, and suitability for addressing stakeholders' needs. The main documentation gaps, including data innovation practices and large-scale algorithmic systems, are also discussed.
ETHICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Laurence Barry, Arthur Charpentier
Summary: This paper compares the discrimination issues raised by traditional statistics and machine learning in insurance, emphasizing the impact of social stereotypes on data and the potential reproduction of discrimination in insurance. It suggests that defining mathematical indicators of non-bias through algorithmic fairness may not be sufficient and calls for public debate and contestation to identify the protected groups.
ETHICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Ludovico Giacomo Conti, Peter Seele
Summary: The recent AI scandals have led to the implementation of new ethics guidelines and the establishment of AI ethics boards. However, some of these efforts lack substance and have been criticized as superficial. To address this issue, a new model based on qualified informed lotteries and stakeholder-driven processes has been proposed.
ETHICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Jan-Hendrik Heinrichs
Summary: Brain age prediction is a new tool in neuro-medicine and neuroscience that has multiple uses in research and clinical practice. It can serve as a marker for biological age, indicate the general health of the brain, and provide information about brain-based disorders. However, its utility depends on detecting outliers and may fail to accurately predict chronological age. This article highlights the implicit pathologization of the states that brain age prediction is sensitive to and argues for the need for explicit justification.
Article
Ethics
Masanori Kataoka, Christopher Gyngell, Julian Savulescu, Tsutomu Sawai
Summary: The paper outlines how to conduct an ethical evaluation of human brain organoid transplantation in animals, highlighting the new ethical issues introduced by this type of research. The focus is on whether or not brain organoids might be conscious.
Article
Ethics
Jonathan C. Gold
JOURNAL OF VALUE INQUIRY
(2023)
