Critical Care Medicine

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (an Update) and Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis in Adults An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline

Ganesh Raghu, Martine Remy-Jardin, Luca Richeldi, Carey C. Thomson, Yoshikazu Inoue, Takeshi Johkoh, Michael Kreuter, David A. Lynch, Toby M. Maher, Fernando J. Martinez, Maria Molina-Molina, Jeffrey L. Myers, Andrew G. Nicholson, Christopher J. Ryerson, Mary E. Strek, Lauren K. Troy, Marlies Wijsenbeek, Manoj J. Mammen, Tanzib Hossain, Brittany D. Bissell, Derrick D. Herman, Stephanie M. Hon, Fayez Kheir, Yet H. Khor, Madalina Macrea, Katerina M. Antoniou, Demosthenes Bouros, Ivette Buendia-Roldan, Fabian Caro, Bruno Crestani, Lawrence Ho, Julie Morisset, Amy L. Olson, Anna Podolanczuk, Venerino Poletti, Moises Selman, Thomas Ewing, Stephen Jones, Shandra L. Knight, Marya Ghazipura, Kevin C. Wilson

Summary: This article provides updates on the guidelines for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and addresses the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) other than IPF. The recommendations are based on consensus and systematic reviews, aiming to provide evidence-based guidance for clinicians.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Critical Care Medicine

Global, regional, and national prevalence of, and risk factors for, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 2019: a systematic review and modelling analysis

Davies Adeloye, Peige Song, Yajie Zhu, Harry Campbell, Aziz Sheikh, Igor Rudan

Summary: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) globally, regionally, and nationally, in order to guide policy and population interventions.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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News Item Critical Care Medicine

Omicron variant and booster COVID-19 vaccines

Talha Khan Burki

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Health outcomes in people 2 years after surviving hospitalisation with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study

Lixue Huang, Xia Li, Xiaoying Gu, Hui Zhang, LiLi Ren, Li Guo, Min Liu, Yimin Wang, Dan Cui, Yeming Wang, Xueyang Zhang, Lianhan Shang, Jingchuan Zhong, Xinming Wang, Jianwei Wang, Bin Cao

Summary: With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, a study was conducted to characterize the longitudinal evolution of health outcomes in hospitalized survivors of COVID-19 over a period of 2 years. The study found that although most survivors recovered and returned to work within 2 years, a significant proportion of them experienced persistent symptoms and health problems. These findings emphasize the need for further research and interventions to understand and reduce the risk of long-term COVID-19.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Global Initiative for Asthma Strategy 2021 Executive Summary and Rationale for Key Changes

Helen K. Reddel, Leonard B. Bacharier, Eric D. Bateman, Christopher E. Brightling, Guy G. Brusselle, Roland Buhl, Alvaro A. Cruz, Liesbeth Duijts, Jeffrey M. Drazen, J. Mark FitzGerald, Louise J. Fleming, Hiromasa Inoue, Fanny W. Ko, Jerry A. Krishnan, Mark L. Levy, Jiangtao Lin, Kevin Mortimer, Paulo M. Pitrez, Aziz Sheikh, Arzu A. Yorgancioglu, Louis-Philippe Boulet

Summary: The article summarizes key recommendations from GINA 2021 and the recent changes, highlighting the importance of not relying solely on short-acting beta(2)-agonists for asthma treatment and provides targeted treatment suggestions based on severity and age.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Persistent Exertional Intolerance After COVID-19 Insights From Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

Inderjit Singh, Phillip Joseph, Paul M. Heerdt, Marjorie Cullinan, Denyse D. Lutchmansingh, Mridu Gulati, Jennifer D. Possick, David M. Systrom, Aaron B. Waxman

Summary: Patients who have recovered from COVID-19 without cardiopulmonary disease experience a significant reduction in exercise capacity, which may be attributed to reduced systemic oxygen extraction and an exaggerated hyperventilatory response during exercise.

CHEST (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Fungal infections in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 during the first wave: the French multicentre MYCOVID study

Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Eric Dannaoui, Arnaud Fekkar, Charles-Edouard Luyt, Francoise Botterel, Nicolas De Prost, Jean-Marc Tadie, Florian Reizine, Sandrine Houze, Jean-Francois Timsit, Xavier Iriart, Beatrice Riu-Poulenc, Boualem Sendid, Saad Nseir, Florence Persat, Florent Wallet, Patrice Le Pape, Emmanuel Canet, Ana Novara, Melek Manai, Estelle Cateau, Arnaud W. Thille, Sophie Brun, Yves Cohen, Alexandre Alanio, Bruno Megarbane, Muriel Cornet, Nicolas Terzi, Lionel Lamhaut, Estelle Sabourin, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Stephan Ehrmann, Christophe Hennequin, Guillaume Voiriot, Gilles Nevez, Cecile Aubron, Valerie Letscher-Bru, Ferhat Meziani, Marion Blaize, Julien Mayaux, Antoine Monsel, Frederique Boquel, Florence Robert-Gangneux, Yves Le Tulzo, Philippe Seguin, Helene Guegan, Brice Autier, Matthieu Lesouhaitier, Romain Pelletier, Sorya Belaz, Christine Bonnal, Antoine Berry, Jordan Leroy, Nadine Francois, Jean-Christophe Richard, Sylvie Paulus, Laurent Argaud, Damien Dupont, Jean Menotti, Florent Morio, Marie Soulie, Carole Schwebel, Cecile Garnaud, Juliette Guitard, Solene Le Gal, Dorothee Quinio, Jeff Morcet, Bruno Laviolle, Jean-Ralph Zahar, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux

Summary: This study demonstrates a high prevalence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and candidemia in mechanically ventilated patients with severe COVID-19, and a high mortality associated with pr/pb CAPA. These findings highlight the importance of active surveillance for fungal pathogens in patients with severe COVID-19.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Clinical characteristics with inflammation profiling of long COVID and association with 1-year recovery following hospitalisation in the UK: a prospective observational study

Rachael A. Evans, Olivia C. Leavy, Matthew Richardson, Omer Elneima, Hamish J. C. McAuley, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Marco Sereno, Ruth M. Saunders, Victoria C. Harris, Raminder Aul, Paul Beirne, Charlotte E. Bolton, Jeremy S. Brown, Gourab Choudhury, Nawar Diar Bakerly, Nicholas Easom, Carlos Echevarria, Jonathan Fuld, Nick Hart, John R. Hurst, Mark Jones, Dhruv Parekh, Paul Pfeffer, Najib M. Rahman, Sarah Rowland-Jones, Ajay M. Shah, Dan G. Wootton, Trudie Chalder, Melanie J. Davies, Anthony De Soyza, William Greenhalf, Neil J. Greening, Liam G. Heaney, Simon Heller, Luke Howard, Joseph Jacob, R. Gisli Jenkins, Janet M. Lord, Will D-C Man, Gerry P. McCann, Stefan Neubauer, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Joanna Porter, Jennifer Quint, Matthew J. Rowland, Janet T. Scott, Malcolm G. Semple, Sally J. Singh, Mark Toshner, Keir Lewis, Andrew Briggs, Annemarie B. Docherty, Steven Kerr, Nazir Lone, Aziz Sheikh, Mathew Thorpe, Bang Zheng, James D. Chalmers, Ling-Pei Ho, Alex Horsley, Michael Marks, Krisnah Poinasamy, Betty Raman, Ewen M. Harrison, Louise Wain, Christopher E. Brightling

Summary: This study aimed to describe recovery one year after hospital discharge for COVID-19 and identify potential therapeutic targets by analyzing inflammatory profiles. The results showed that a significant proportion of patients did not fully recover one year after discharge. Female sex, obesity, and invasive mechanical ventilation were associated with lower likelihood of full recovery. Inflammation and obesity may be treatable traits that need further investigation in clinical trials.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Efficacy and safety of intramuscular administration of tixagevimab-cilgavimab for early outpatient treatment of COVID-19 (TACKLE): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Hugh Montgomery, F. D. Richard Hobbs, Francisco Padilla, Douglas Arbetter, Alison Templeton, Seth Seegobin, Kenneth Kim, Jesus Abraham Simon Campos, Rosalinda H. Arends, Bryan H. Brodek, Dennis Brooks, Pedro Garbes, Julieta Jimenez, Gavin C. K. W. Koh, Kelly W. Padilla, Katie Streicher, Rolando M. Viani, Vijay Alagappan, Menelas N. Pangalos, Mark T. Esser

Summary: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of tixagevimab-cilgavimab in preventing severe COVID-19 or death in non-hospitalized adults. The results showed that a single dose of tixagevimab-cilgavimab significantly reduced the risk of progression to severe COVID-19 or death, with favorable safety.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Efficacy and safety of baricitinib plus standard of care for the treatment of critically ill hospitalised adults with COVID-19 on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an exploratory, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

E. Wesley Ely, Athimalaipet Ramanan, Cynthia E. Kartman, Stephanie de Bono, Ran Liao, Maria Lucia B. Piruzeli, Jason D. Goldman, Jose Francisco Kerr Saraiva, Sujatro Chakladar, Vincent C. Marconi

Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of baricitinib plus standard of care in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The results showed that compared to placebo, treatment with baricitinib significantly reduced mortality at both 28 and 60 days. Additionally, there were no significant differences in ventilator-free days and hospitalization duration between the baricitinib and placebo groups.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Critical Care Medicine

Biomarkers for sepsis: more than just fever and leukocytosis-a narrative review

Tatiana Barichello, Jaqueline S. Generoso, Mervyn Singer, Felipe Dal-Pizzol

Summary: A biomarker is a measurable indicator of a patient's clinical condition that can be measured accurately and reproducibly. In sepsis patients, there are various biomarkers such as PRMs, complement system, and cytokines. However, further research is needed to identify the optimal combinations of biomarkers.

CRITICAL CARE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Long-term safety and efficacy of dupilumab in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma (TRAVERSE): an open-label extension study

Michael E. Wechsler, Linda B. Ford, Jorge F. Maspero, Ian D. Pavord, Alberto Papi, Arnaud Bourdin, Henrik Watz, Mario Castro, Natalia M. Nenasheva, Yuji Tohda, David Langton, Guido Cardona, Christian Domingo, Hae Sim Park, Kenneth R. Chapman, Xuezhou Mao, Yi Zhang, Asif H. Khan, Yamo Deniz, Paul J. Rowe, Upender Kapoor, Faisal A. Khokhar, Leda P. Mannent, Marcella Ruddy, Elizabeth Laws, Nikhil Amin, Megan Hardin

Summary: The study assessed the long-term safety and efficacy of dupilumab in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma over 96 weeks of treatment. The findings demonstrated good safety and efficacy during the study period, supporting the long-term use of dupilumab in this patient population.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Sleep Apnea-Specific Hypoxic Burden, Symptom Subtypes, and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality

Wojciech Trzepizur, Margaux Blanchard, Timothee Ganem, Frederic Balusson, Mathieu Feuilloy, Jean-Marc Girault, Nicole Meslier, Emmanuel Oger, Audrey Paris, Thierry Pigeanne, Jean-Louis Racineux, AbdelKebir Sabil, Chloe Gerves-Pinquie, Frederic Gagnadoux

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate whether symptom subtypes and OSA-specific hypoxic burden are associated with the risk of major adverse CV events in a clinical setting. The results showed that HB and overall nocturnal hypoxemia were the only predictors of MACE, with a stronger association seen in younger patients and women.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Clinical Effectiveness of Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor in People with Cystic Fibrosis

David P. Nichols, Alex C. Paynter, Sonya L. Heltshe, Scott H. Donaldson, Carla A. Frederick, Steven D. Freedman, Daniel Gelfond, Lucas R. Hoffman, Andrea Kelly, Michael R. Narkewicz, Jessica E. Pittman, Felix Ratjen, Margaret Rosenfeld, Scott D. Sagel, Sarah Jane Schwarzenberg, Pradeep K. Singh, George M. Solomon, Michael S. Stalvey, John P. Clancy, Shannon Kirby, Jill M. Van Dalfsen, Margaret H. Kloster, Steven M. Rowe

Summary: The study demonstrates significant improvements in lung function, respiratory symptoms, and body mass index in CF patients using ETI therapy, regardless of their familiarity with modulators or prior drug use. Significant reductions in sweat chloride concentration were also observed, correlating with improved lung function in the overall study population.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Critical Care Medicine

Myopericarditis following COVID-19 vaccination and non-COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ryan Ruiyang Ling, Kollengode Ramanathan, Felicia Liying Tan, Bee Choo Tai, Jyoti Somani, Dale Fisher, Graeme MacLaren

Summary: The overall risk of myopericarditis after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine is low, but younger males have an increased incidence of myopericarditis, especially after receiving mRNA vaccines. However, the risks of such rare adverse events should be balanced against the risks of COVID-19 infection (including myopericarditis).

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Editorial Material Anesthesiology

Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant: What we know and what we don't

Valentine Marie Ferre, Nathan Peiffer-Smadja, Benoit Visseaux, Diane Descamps, Jade Ghosn, Charlotte Charpentier

ANAESTHESIA CRITICAL CARE & PAIN MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

2022 Society of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Guidelines on Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation, Neuromuscular Blockade, and Delirium in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients With Consideration of the ICU Environment and Early Mobility

Heidi A. B. Smith, James B. Besunder, Kristina A. Betters, Peter N. Johnson, Vijay Srinivasan, Anne Stormorken, Elizabeth Farrington, Brenda Golianu, Aaron J. Godshall, Larkin Acinelli, Christina Almgren, Christine H. Bailey, Jenny M. Boyd, Michael J. Cisco, Mihaela Damian, Mary L. DeAlmeida, James Fehr, Kimberly E. Fenton, Frances Gilliland, Mary Jo C. Grant, Joy Howell, Cassandra A. Ruggles, Shari Simone, Felice Su, Janice E. Sullivan, Ken Tegtmeyer, Chani Traube, Stacey Williams, John W. Berkenbosch

Summary: This study aims to develop comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for the assessment and management of sedation, pain, and delirium in critically ill infants and children. The taskforce issued 44 recommendations and five good practice statements, emphasizing the importance of pain monitoring, protocolized sedation and analgesia, and nonpharmacologic interventions for enhancing patient comfort and comprehensive care provision.

PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Effect of therapeutic drug monitoring-based dose optimization of piperacillin/tazobactam on sepsis-related organ dysfunction in patients with sepsis: a randomized controlled trial

Stefan Hagel, Friedhelm Bach, Thorsten Brenner, Hendrik Bracht, Alexander Brinkmann, Thorsten Annecke, Andreas Hohn, Markus Weigand, Guido Michels, Stefan Kluge, Axel Nierhaus, Dominik Jarczak, Christina Koenig, Dirk Weismann, Otto Frey, Dominic Witzke, Carsten Mueller, Michael Bauer, Michael Kiehntopf, Sophie Neugebauer, Thomas Lehmann, Jason A. Roberts, Mathias W. Pletz, The Target Trial Investigators

Summary: This study evaluated the effect of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)-guided antibiotic therapy in patients with sepsis. The results showed that TDM-guided therapy did not improve the mean Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, but there was a slight improvement in clinical and microbiological cure rates.

INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Durability of BNT162b2 vaccine against hospital and emergency department admissions due to the omicron and delta variants in a large health system in the USA: a test-negative case-control study

Sara Y. Tartof, Jeff M. Slezak, Laura Puzniak, Vennis Hong, Fagen Xie, Bradley K. Ackerson, Srinivas R. Valluri, Luis Jodar, John M. McLaughlin

Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness and durability of two and three doses of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA vaccine against hospital and emergency department admissions due to the delta and omicron variants. The results showed that three doses of the vaccine provided high protection against both variants in the first 3 months after vaccination, but waning was observed against the omicron variant after 3 months. Additional doses of vaccines might be needed to maintain high levels of protection against future variants.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

ERC-ESICM guidelines on temperature control after cardiac arrest in adults

Claudio Sandroni, Jerry P. Nolan, Lars W. Andersen, Bernd W. Bottiger, Alain Cariou, Tobias Cronberg, Hans Friberg, Cornelia Genbrugge, Gisela Lilja, Peter T. Morley, Nikolaos Nikolaou, Theresa M. Olasveengen, Markus B. Skrifvars, Fabio S. Taccone, Jasmeet Soar

Summary: These guidelines provide evidence-based guidance for temperature control in comatose adults after cardiac arrest, regardless of the underlying rhythm. Continuous monitoring of core temperature and prevention of fever for at least 72 hours is recommended. There is insufficient evidence to support or refute temperature control at 32-36 degrees Celsius or early cooling after cardiac arrest.

INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2022)

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