Journal
GREEN CHEMISTRY
Volume 16, Issue 2, Pages 770-776Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c3gc41554f
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Funding
- Office of Naval Research In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program
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A highly efficient and selective process has been developed for the conversion of 1-hexene to jet and diesel fuels. In combination with commercial processes for the dehydration of ethanol and trimerization of ethylene, this work provides a basis for the synthesis of full-performance hydrocarbon fuels from bio-ethanol. Selective oligomerization of 1-hexene with a Cp2ZrCl2/MAO catalyst at ambient temperature and pressure resulted in 100% conversion of 1-hexene with >80% selectivity to a mixture of the dimer and trimer. The hydrogenated dimer had a -20 degrees C viscosity of only 3.5 mPa s, an exceptionally low freezing point of -77 degrees C, and a cetane number of 67 suggesting that it has performance characteristics suitable for both jet and diesel fuels. The hydrogenated trimer had a flash point of 128 degrees C, a cetane number of 92, a 40 degrees C viscosity of 3.1 mPa s, and a -20 degrees C viscosity of 24.5 mPa s. These properties suggest that the trimer has applications as a high-performance diesel fuel. In addition to the fuel-range hydrocarbons, heavier oligomers have potential as biolubricants which improves the carbon yield of useful products to near quantitative levels.
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