Journal
GREEN CHEMISTRY
Volume 14, Issue 5, Pages 1350-1356Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c2gc16090k
Keywords
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Funding
- Environmental Protection Agency in Ireland [EPA 2006-PHD-ET-7]
- Czech Science Foundation [P207/10/2048]
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CTQ2010-17990]
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Imidazolium salts can be classed as surfactants, detergents, ionic liquids, reagents, catalysts or solvents. A study of the toxicity and ecotoxicity of these salts yields valuable information for their use as pharmaceuticals as well as impact on the environment. Our approach to screen a series of chiral imidazolium salts for toxicity to bacteria and fungi, including clinical pathogen strains, has led to the identification of a 'hit' MRSA selective antimicrobial compound. Preliminary structure-activity-relationship (SAR) information (required position of L-phenylalanine and L-valine group) is also elucidated within this first generation of compounds. Conversely, most of the imidazolium salts were nontoxic (IC95 > 2 mM) to the 12 fungi strains and 8 bacteria strains screened, and we propose that they are suitable candidates for 'green chemistry' applications. Ecotoxicity studies (Biodegradation ISO 14593 'CO2 Headspace Test') of two bromide ionic liquids containing L-phenylalanine residues indicate that these ionic liquids passed the test (>60% in 28 days) and classed as readily biodegradable.
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