Journal
GREEN CHEMISTRY
Volume 14, Issue 6, Pages 1736-1742Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c2gc35241a
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Funding
- Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI)
- Canada Research Chairs (CRC)
- Fonds de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT)
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)
- McGill University
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Ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru NPs) were synthesized from the reduction of Ru(2-methylallyl)(2)(cod) under an atmosphere of H-2(g) in a series of phosphonium and imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs): [P-4,P-4,P-4,P-1]NTf2, [P-4,P-4,P-4,P-8]NTf2, [P-4,P-4,P-4,P-14]X (for X- = -NTf2, -OTf, -PF6), [BMI]NTf2 and [BDMI]NTf2. The Ru NPs embedded in each of these ILs were used as biphasic hydrogenation catalysts for the reduction of cyclohexene. The properties of the NPs, in terms of NP stability and catalytic activity, were dependent on the nature of the IL and these differences were rationalized through a Walden plot analysis of the IL ionicity. This analysis supports the idea that the formation of ion associations, in terms of ion-pairs or supramolecular aggregates, plays a key role in IL stabilization of metal NPs. A correlation between this stabilization mechanism and the NP stability and catalytic activity is hypothesized.
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