Journal
GREEN CHEMISTRY
Volume 12, Issue 7, Pages 1180-1186Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c0gc00106f
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Funding
- NIH [RC1-GM091161]
- Eli Lilly
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [RC1GM091161] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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The synthetic scope and utility of Pd-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions has advanced significantly over the past decade, and these reactions have the potential to address important green-chemistry challenges in the pharmaceutical industry. This potential has not been realized, however, because safety concerns and process constraints hinder large-scale applications of this chemistry. These limitations are addressed by the development of a continuous-flow tube reactor, which has been demonstrated on several scales in the aerobic oxidation of alcohols. Use of a dilute oxygen gas source (8% O(2) in N(2)) ensures that the oxygen/organic mixture never enters the explosive regime, and efficient gas-liquid mixing in the reactor minimizes decomposition of the homogeneous catalyst into inactive Pd metal. These results provide the basis for large-scale implementation of palladium-catalyzed (and other) aerobic oxidation reactions for pharmaceutical synthesis.
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