Journal
GRANULAR MATTER
Volume 15, Issue 4, Pages 417-426Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10035-013-0405-0
Keywords
Adhesion; Discrete element method; Attachment; Mixing; Granular materials
Funding
- Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC)
- School of Chemical Engineering at the University of Birmingham through the Li Siguang scholarship
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Understanding the adhesive interactions between active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) particles and carrier particles in dry powder inhalers (DPIs) is critical for the development of formulations and process design. In the current study, a discrete element method, which accounts for particle adhesion, is employed to investigate the attachment processes in DPIs. A critical velocity criterion is proposed to determine the lowest impact velocity at which two elastic autoadhesive spherical particles will rebound from each other during impact. Furthermore, the process of fine API particles adhering to a large carrier in a vibrating container is investigated. It was found that there are optimal amplitude and frequency for the vibration velocity that can maximise the number of particles contacting with the carrier (i.e. the contact number). The impact number and detachment number during the vibration process both increase with increasing vibration amplitude and frequency while the sticking efficiency decreases as the amplitude and frequency are increased.
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