Human XTP3-B binds to α1-antitrypsin variant nullHong Kong via the C-terminal MRH domain in a glycan-dependent manner

XTP3-B is a soluble endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein containing two mannose-6-phosphate receptor homology (MRH) domains in its sequence. XTP3-B interacts with a membrane-associated ubiquitin ligase complex, and, therefore, is thought to participate in ER-associated degradation (ERAD). In this study, the recombinant human XTP3-B fused with IgG-Fc (XTP3-B-Fc), XTP3-B without an N-terminal MRH domain fused with IgG-Fc (XTP3-B Delta 1-Fc), or XTP3-B without a C-terminal MRH domain fused with IgG-Fc (XTP3-B Delta 2-Fc) were prepared. XTP3-B-Fc and XTP3-B Delta 1-Fc bound to Lec1 cells but not to CHO, Lec2, or Lec8 cells, while XTP3-B Delta 2-Fc did not bind to any of these cells. The binding of XTP3-B-Fc and XTP3-B Delta 1-Fc to Lec1 cells was abrogated by treatment of the cells with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, Man alpha 1,6Man or Man alpha 1,6(Man alpha 1,3) Man alpha 1,6(Man alpha 1,3) Man, or by substitution of Arg428 or Tyr457 in the C-terminal MRH domain with alanine. Arg428 and Tyr457 are homologous to amino acids that mediate glycan binding by the cation-dependent mannose-6-phosphate receptor. An immunoprecipitation experiment using lysates of cells co-expressing wild-type alpha 1-antitrypsin (AT), alpha 1-antitrypsin variant null(Hong) (Kong) (AT(NHK)), and FLAG-tagged XTP3-B, or its mutants, demonstrated that AT(NHK), but not AT, specifically co-precipitated with XTP3-B and XTP3-B Delta 1. The glycan-binding-deficient XTP3-B Delta 2 did not bind either AT or AT(NHK). These results suggest that XTP3-B specifically binds to AT(NHK), which is a well-known substrate of ERAD, via a C-terminal MRH domain in a glycan-dependent manner.