Journal
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
Volume 19, Issue 11, Pages 3254-3262Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12315
Keywords
Arctic; climate change; emerging disease; Ovibos moschatus; parasite invasions; Protostrongylidae; Rangifer tarandus; Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis; Varestrongylus
Funding
- Kitikmeot Foods Ltd.
- Government of Nunavut
- Nunavut General Monitoring Program (AANDC)
- NSERC
- Nasivvik Centre for Inuit Health
- Northern Scientific Training Program
- Alberta Innovates Health Solutions
- Malcolm Ramsey Scholarship
- Division Of Environmental Biology
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1258010, 1256943] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Climate warming is occurring at an unprecedented rate in the Arctic and is having profound effects on host-parasite interactions, including range expansion. Recently, two species of protostrongylid nematodes have emerged for the first time in muskoxen and caribou on Victoria Island in the western Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis, the muskox lungworm, was detected for the first time in 2008 in muskoxen at a community hunt on the southwest corner of the island and by 2012, it was found several hundred kilometers east in commercially harvested muskoxen near the town of Ikaluktutiak. In 2010, Varestrongylus sp., a recently discovered lungworm of caribou and muskoxen was found in muskoxen near Ikaluktutiak and has been found annually in this area since then. Whereas invasion of the island by U. pallikuukensis appears to have been mediated by stochastic movement of muskoxen from the mainland to the southwest corner of the island, Varestrongylus has likely been introduced at several times and locations by the seasonal migration of caribou between the island and the mainland. A newly permissive climate, now suitable for completion of the parasite life cycles in a single summer, likely facilitated the initial establishment and now drives range expansion for both parasites.
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