Changes of daily climate extremes in southwestern China during 1961-2008

Analysis of changes in twelve indices of extreme temperature and eleven of extreme precipitation at 110 meteorological stations in southwestern China during 1961-2008 revealed statistically significant increases in the temperature of the warmest and coldest nights, in the frequencies of extreme warm days and nights, and in the growing season length. Decreases of the diurnal temperature range and the number of frost days were statistically significant, but a decreasing trend of ice days was not significant. At a large proportion of the stations, patterns of temperature extremes were consistent with warming since 1961. Warming trends in minimum temperature indices were greater than those relating to maximum temperature. Warming magnitudes were greater on the eastern Xizang Plateau and the Hengduan Mountains than on the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau and in the Sichuan basin, as confirmed by the decrease of the regional trend from west to east. Changes in precipitation extremes were relatively small, and only the regional trends in consecutive wet days, extremely wet day precipitation and maximum 1-day precipitation were significant. These trends are difficult to detect against the larger inter-annual and decadal-scale variability of precipitation. On the whole, the number of rainy days increased on the eastern Xizang Plateau and in the Hengduan Mountains. The spatial distribution of temporal changes of all extreme climate indices in southwestern China reflects the general climatic complexity and the influence of topography. Analysis of large-scale atmospheric circulation changes reveals that a strengthening anticyclonic circulation, increasing geopotential height, weakening monsoonal flow and vapor transportation over the Eurasian continent have contributed to the changes in climate extremes in southwestern China. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.