Journal
JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY-SCIENCE B
Volume 16, Issue 4, Pages 253-263Publisher
ZHEJIANG UNIV
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B1400203
Keywords
Probenazole; Systemic acquired resistance (SAR); Cis-acting element; Chemical-inducible system; Synthetic promoter
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Funding
- National Key Project of Transgenic Variety Development of China [2011ZX08009-004, 2013ZX08009-004]
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), China
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Probenazole (3-allyloxy-1,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide, PBZ), the active component of Oryzemate, could induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants through the induction of salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. As a widely used chemical inducer, PBZ is a good prospect for establishing a new chemical-inducible system. We first designed artificially synthetic promoters with tandem copies of a single type of cis-element (SARE, JERE, GCC, GST1, HSRE, and W-box) that could mediate the expression of the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene in plants upon PBZ treatment. Then we combined different types of elements in order to improve inducibility in the PBZ-inducible system. On the other hand, we were surprised to find that the cis-elements, which are responsive to jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene, also responded to PBZ, implying that SA, JA, and ethylene pathways also would play important roles in PBZ's action. Further analysis demonstrated that PBZ also induced early events of innate immunity via a signaling pathway in which Ca2+ influx and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity were involved. We constructed synthesized artificial promoters to establish a PBZ chemical-inducible system, and preliminarily explored SA, JA, ethylene, calcium, and MAPK signaling pathways via PBZ-inducible system, which could provide an insight for in-depth study.
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