Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 41, Issue 5, Pages 1673-1680Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2013GL059137
Keywords
ENSO evolution in spring; U; S; rainfall in spring; ENSO teleconnection
Categories
Funding
- NOAA Climate Program Office through its MAPP program [NA12OAR4310083]
- NSF [0731520]
- ONR [N000141310704]
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [0731520] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Springtime El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase evolution and associated U.S. rainfall variability are explored by performing composite analysis of observational data. Although the tropical Pacific ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies are weaker and less coherent in boreal spring compared to those in winter, there are unique and significant patterns of U.S. rainfall anomalies frequently appearing during the onset and decay phases of ENSO. In early spring of a decaying El Nino, the atmospheric jet stream and associated storm track shift southward, causing more frequent wet conditions across the southern U.S. and dry conditions in a belt south and east of the Ohio River. In late spring of a developing El Nino, the synoptic activity over the U.S. reduces overall and the southwesterly low-level winds that carry moist air from the Gulf of Mexico to the U.S. shift westward, causing a similar dipole of rainfall anomalies between the southern U.S. and the Ohio Valley. Key Points Springtime ENSO phase evolution and its relation to U.S. rainfall is explored Coherent springtime ENSO SST anomalies exist in the central tropical Pacific Significant patterns of U.S. rainfall anomalies covary with ENSO phase in spring
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