Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 41, Issue 4, Pages 1133-1141Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2014GL059228
Keywords
substorm electric fields; radiation belt relativistic electrons; substorm injection; substorm dipolarization
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Funding
- NASA [NNG04GG83G, NNH13ZDA001N, NNX08AF28G, NAG5-12765, NNX13AE16G]
- APL
- NASA [475508, 102540, NNX08AF28G, NNX13AE16G] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
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Observation and model results accumulated in the last decade indicate that substorms can promptly inject relativistic killer' electrons (MeV) in addition to 10-100 keV subrelativistic populations. Using measurements from Cluster, Polar, LANL, and GOES satellites near the midnight sector, we show in two events that intense electric fields, as large as 20 mV/m, associated with substorm dipolarization are associated with injections of relativistic electrons into the outer radiation belt. Enhancements of hundreds of keV electrons at dipolarization in the magnetotail can account for the injected MeV electrons through earthward transport. These observations provide evidence that substorm electric fields inject relativistic electrons by transporting magnetotail electrons into the outer radiation belt. In these two events, injected relativistic electrons dominated the substorm timescale enhancement of MeV electrons as observed at geosynchronous orbit. Key Points Intense substorm electric fields inject relativistic electrons into radiation belts
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