Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 40, Issue 15, Pages 4012-4017Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/grl.50729
Keywords
Atlantic SST; ENSO
Categories
Funding
- Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2012-3042]
- KIOST [PE99162]
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information [KSC-2012-C2-25]
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Two distinct roles of the Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs), namely, the North Tropical Atlantic (NTA) SST and the Atlantic Nino, on the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability are investigated using the observational data from 1980 to 2010 and coupled model experiments. It appears that the NTA SST and the Atlantic Nino can be used as two independent predictors for predicting the development of ENSO events in the following season. Furthermore, they are likely to be linked to different types of El Nino events. Specifically, the NTA SST cooling during February, March, and April contributes to the central Pacific warming at the subsequent winter season, while the negative Atlantic Nino event during June, July, and August contributes to enhancing the eastern Pacific warming. The coupled model experiments support these results. With the aid of a lagged inverse relationship, the statistical forecast using two Atlantic indices can successfully predict various ENSO indices.
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