Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 40, Issue 20, Pages 5542-5547Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2013GL057775
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Funding
- NSF [ATM-0628575]
- NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program
- NASA Radiation Sciences Program
- NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program
- European Research Council under the European Union [FP7-280025]
- UK NERC Global Aerosol Synthesis and Science Project (GASSP) [NE/J022624/1]
- NERC [NE/J022624/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Black carbon (BC) aerosol loadings were measured during the High-performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaign above the remote Pacific from 85 degrees N to 67 degrees S. Over 700 vertical profiles extending from near the surface to max similar to 14 km altitude were obtained with a single-particle soot photometer between early 2009 and mid-2011. The data provides a climatology of BC in the remote regions that reveals gradients of BC concentration reflecting global-scale transport and removal of pollution. BC is identified as a sensitive tracer of extratropical mixing into the lower tropical tropopause layer and trends toward surprisingly uniform loadings in the lower stratosphere of similar to 1 ng/kg. The climatology is compared to predictions from the AeroCom global model intercomparison initiative. The AeroCom model suite overestimates loads in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (similar to 10x) more severely than at lower altitudes (similar to 3x), with bias roughly independent of season or geographic location; these results indicate that it overestimates BC lifetime.
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