Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 35, Issue 15, Pages -Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2008GL034574
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Funding
- National Science Foundation Collaborative Research
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Regional high-resolution (0.1 degrees C, 0.5 m) low-altitude thermal infrared imagery (TIR) reveals the exact input locations and fine-scale mixing structure of massive, cool groundwaters that discharge into the coastal zone as both diffuse flows and as >30 large point-sourced nutrient-rich plumes along the dry western half of the large volcanic island of Hawaii. These inputs are the sole source of new nutrient delivery to coastal waters in this oligotrophic setting. Water column profiling and nutrient sampling show that the plumes are cold, buoyant, nutrient-rich brackish mixtures of groundwater and seawater. By way of example, we illustrate in detail one of the larger plumes, which discharges ca. 12,000 m(3) d(-1) (ca. 8,600 m(3) d(-1) freshwater), rates comparable in volume to high-flux groundwater outputs in better-known tropical karst terrains. We further show how nutrient mixing trends may be integrated into TIR sea surface temperatures to produce surface water nutrient maps of regional extent.
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