Journal
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
Volume 173, Issue 1, Pages 189-204Publisher
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03666.x
Keywords
numerical solutions; continental margins : convergent; dynamics of lithosphere and mantle; rheology : mantle
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The 2004 M = 9.2 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake profoundly altered the state of stress in a large volume surrounding the similar to 1400 km long rupture. Induced mantle flow fields and coupled surface deformation are sensitive to the 3-D rheology structure. To predict the post-seismic motions from this earthquake, relaxation of a 3-D spherical viscoelastic earth model is simulated using the theory of coupled normal modes. The quasi-static deformation basis set and solution on the 3-D model is constructed using: a spherically stratified viscoelastic earth model with a linear stress-strain relation; an aspherical perturbation in viscoelastic structure; a 'static' mode basis set consisting of Earth's spheroidal and toroidal free oscillations; a viscoelastic mode basis set; and interaction kernels that describe the coupling among viscoelastic and static modes. Application to the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake illustrates the profound modification of the post-seismic flow field at depth by a slab structure and similarly large effects on the near-field post-seismic deformation field at Earth's surface. Comparison with post-seismic GPS observations illustrates the extent to which viscoelastic relaxation contributes to the regional post-seismic deformation.
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