Journal
GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL
Volume 29, Issue 10, Pages 896-905Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/01490451.2011.635763
Keywords
iron-oxidizing bacteria; yet-uncultivated Archaea; freshwater; mixing zone; iron-rich microbial mat
Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan
- RIKEN Special Postdoctoral Researchers Program
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [20109006, 24110008, 20109005, 23840058, 20109001, 22224011] Funding Source: KAKEN
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The abundance, diversity and composition of bacterial and archaeal communities in a freshwater iron-rich microbial mat were investigated using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. The sampling site is a mixing zone where ferrous-iron-rich fluids encounter oxygen-rich environments. Quantitative PCR analysis shows that Bacteria dominated the mat community (>99% of the total cell numbers). Phylotypes related to iron-oxidizers in Gallionellaceae, methano/methylotrophs in Methylophilaceae and Methylococcaceae, sulfide-oxidizers in Sulfuricurvum and an uncultured clone group, called Terrestrial group I or the 1068 group, in the Epsilonproteobacteria were detected in the clone library from the original sample and/or the enrichment cultures. This result suggests that these members may play a role in Fe, S and C cycling in the mixing zone. Although Archaea were minor constituents numerically, phylogenetic analysis indicates that unique and diverse yet-uncultivated Archaea are present in the iron-rich mat. The phylotypes of these yet-uncultivated Archaea belong to environmental clone groups that have been recovered from other mixing zones in terrestrial and marine environments, and some of our phylotypes have significantly low similarity (80% or lower) with the archaeal clones reported previously. Our results provide further insights into the bacterial and archaeal communities in a microaerobic iron-rich freshwater environment in mixing zones.
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