Discrepancy between mineral residence time and soil age: Implications for the interpretation of chemical weathering rates

Virtually all soil chronosequence studies have equated the degree of mineral weathering with the soil age, which is equal to the time since the cessation of erosion or deposition. The primary minerals from the parent material, however, enter the soil as the weathering front propagates downward and are depleted via chemical weathering. The residence time of minerals is thus a function of both the rate of conversion of parent material to soil (i.e., soil production) and the minerals' susceptibility to chemical weathering reactions. We find that mineral residence times are significantly shorter than the soil age. By mathematically considering the interactions among soil production and chemical weathering, we demonstrate that traditional estimates of mineral-specific chemical weathering rates from soil chronosequences may diverge by several orders of magnitude from the actual weathering rates.