Journal
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
Volume 13, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2012GC004055
Keywords
Kaapvaal craton; Rehoboth terrane; mantle water
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Funding
- Continental Dynamics program of the U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR0455242]
- South African Department of Science and Technology
- Science Foundation Ireland [05/RGP/GEO001]
- SAMTEX
- IRCSET
- SFI PI [10/IN.1/I3022]
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) [10/IN.1/I3022] Funding Source: Science Foundation Ireland (SFI)
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Measurements of electrical conductivity of slightly damp mantle minerals from different laboratories are inconsistent, requiring geophysicists to make choices between them when interpreting their electrical observations. These choices lead to dramatically different conclusions about the amount of water in the mantle, resulting in conflicting conclusions regarding rheological conditions; this impacts on our understanding of mantle convection, among other processes. To attempt to reconcile these differences, we test the laboratory-derived proton conduction models by choosing the simplest petrological scenario possible - cratonic lithosphere - from two locations in southern Africa where we have the most complete knowledge. We compare and contrast the models with field observations of electrical conductivity and of the amount of water in olivine and show that none of the models for proton conduction in olivine proposed by three laboratories are consistent with the field observations. We derive statistically model parameters of the general proton conduction equation that satisfy the observations. The pre-exponent dry proton conduction term (sigma(0)) and the activation enthalpy (Delta H-wet) are derived with tight bounds, and are both within the broader 2 sigma errors of the different laboratory measurements. The two other terms used by the experimentalists, one to describe proton hopping (exponent r on pre-exponent water content C-w) and the other to describe H2O concentration-dependent activation enthalpy (term alpha C-w(1/3) added to the activation energy), are less well defined and further field geophysical and petrological observations are required, especially in regions of higher temperature and higher water content.
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