Journal
GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
Volume 5, Issue 9, Pages 1594-1609Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evt109
Keywords
Zea mays; parviglumis; mexicana; inversion; population structure; admixture
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [IOS-0922703]
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-01864]
- Academy of Finland
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [0922703] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Populations of widely distributed species encounter and must adapt to local environmental conditions. However, comprehensive characterization of the genetic basis of adaptation is demanding, requiring genome-wide genotype data, multiple sampled populations, and an understanding of population structure and potential selection pressures. Here, we used single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping and data on numerous environmental variables to describe the genetic basis of local adaptation in 21 populations of teosinte, the wild ancestor of maize. We found complex hierarchical genetic structure created by altitude, dispersal events, and admixture among subspecies, which complicated identification of locally beneficial alleles. Patterns of linkage disequilibrium revealed four large putative inversion polymorphisms showing clinal patterns of frequency. Population differentiation and environmental correlations suggest that both inversions and intergenic polymorphisms are involved in local adaptation.
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