Journal
GENES AND IMMUNITY
Volume 15, Issue 8, Pages 543-555Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.49
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [RO1GM47310, T32GM0008490]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [R01AI034000, R56AI034000, F31AI112261] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [R01GM047310, T32GM008490] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Major histocompatibility class II (MHC-II) expression is critical for immune responses and is controlled by the MHC-II transactivator CIITA. CIITA is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level and is expressed from three main promoters with myeloid, lymphoid and interferon (IFN)-gamma-treated non-hematopoietic cells using promoters pI, pIII and pIV, respectively. Recent studies in non-hematopoietic cells suggest that a series of distal regulatory elements may be involved in regulating CIITA transcription. To identify distal elements in B cells, a DNase I hypersensitivity screen was performed, revealing a series of potential novel regulatory elements. These elements were analyzed computationally and biochemically. Several regions displayed active histone modifications and/or enhanced expression of a reporter gene. Four of the elements interacted with pIII in B cells. These same four regions were also found to interact with pI in splenic dendritic cells (spDC). Intriguingly, examination of the above interactions in pI-knockout-derived spDC showed a switch to the next available promoter, pIII. Extensive DNA methylation was found at the pI region in B cells, suggesting that this promoter is not accessible in B cells. Thus, CIITA expression is likely mediated in hematopoietic cells by common elements with promoter accessibility having a part in promoter choice.
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