Journal
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 203, Issue -, Pages 35-42Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.04.035
Keywords
Growth hormone; Neural GH; Cerebellum; Hippocampus; Neuroprotection; Apoptosis
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Funding
- CONACYT [184939, 178335]
- PAPIIT-UNAM of Mexico [IN-208812, IN-206813]
- NSERC in Canada
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There is increasing evidence that growth hormone (GH) expression is not confined exclusively to the pituitary somatotrophs as it is synthesized in many extrapituitary locations. The nervous system is one of those extrapituitary sites. In this brief review we summarize data that substantiate the expression, distribution and characterization of neural GH and detail its roles in neural function, including cellular growth, proliferation, differentiation, neuroprotection and survival, as well as its functional roles in behavior, cognition and neurotransmission. Although systemic GH may exert some of these effects, it is increasingly evident that locally expressed neural GH, acting through intracrine, autocrine or paracrine mechanisms, may also be causally involved as a neurotrophic factor. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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