Journal
GENE
Volume 515, Issue 2, Pages 349-358Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.11.031
Keywords
Mitochondrial genome; Biston panterinaria; Molecular phylogeny
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation of China [31172127, 31071952, 31272288]
- National Science Fund for Fostering Talents in Basic Research [NSFC-J0930004]
- Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [O529YX5105]
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The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the Chinese pistacia looper Biston panterinaria was sequenced and annotated (15,517 bp). It contains the typical 37 genes of animal mitogenomes and a high A + T content (79.5%). All protein coding genes (PCGs) use standard ATN initiation codons except for cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COX1) with CGA. Eleven PCGs use a common stop codon of TAA or TAG, whereas COX2 and NADH dehydrogenase 4 (ND4) use a single T. All transfer RNA (tRNA) genes have the typical clover-leaf structure with the exception of tRNA(Ser(AGN)). We reconstructed a preliminary mitochondrial phylogeny of six ditrysian super-families and performed comparative analyses of inference methods (Bayesian Inference (BI), Maximum Likelihood (ML), and Maximum Parsimony (MP)), dataset compositions (including and excluding 3rd codon positions), and alignment methods (Muscle, Clustal W, and MAFFT). Our analyses indicated that inference methods and dataset compositions more significantly affected the phylogenetic results than alignment methods. BI analysis consistently revealed uncontroversial relationships with all dataset compositions. By contrast, ML analysis failed to reconstruct stable phylogeny at two nodes, whereas MP analysis had more difficulties in the tree resolution and nodal support. Distinct from most previous studies, our analyses revealed that Geometroidea had a closer lineage relationship with Bombycoidea than Noctuoidea. Similar to previous molecular studies, our analyses revealed that Hesperiidae were nested in the Papilionoidea clade, providing further evidence to the previous concept that Papilionoidea was paraphyletic, and none of the butterflies were associated with the Macroheterocera. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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