Endoscopic closure of GI fistulae by using an over-the-scope clip

Background: Preclinical studies have demonstrated the over-the-scope clip (OTSC) to be feasible and safe for closure of gastric, duodenal, and colonic perforations. A retrospective clinical study demonstrated the feasibility and preliminary safety of the OTC for the treatment of GI bleeding and closure of acute GI perforations. Objective: Because the OTSC allows rapid and easy endoscopic organ wall closure, we hypothesized that it might be a useful tool to close GI fistulae. Design: Case series. Setting: Academic medical center. Patients: Four consecutive patients with GI fistulae. Interventions: In all patients, a 12-mm OTSC, in combination with the dedicated twin grasper, anchor device, or endoscopic suction, was used to facilitate endoscopic closure. Main Outcome Measurements: In 2 cases, OTSCs allowed complete closure of a posttraumatic esophagopulmonary fistula and a chronic gastrocutaneous fistula. Leak tests and follow-up examination demonstrated complete leakproof closures. In 1 esophagopulmonary fistula and 1 jejunocutaneous fistula, the initial closure attempts using OTSCs were not successful because of chronic fibrotic changes and scarring at the fistula site. Both OTSCs were removed by using an endoscopic grasping forceps. The mean procedure time was 54 minutes (range 24-93 minutes). There were no procedure-related complications. Limitations: Small sample size. Conclusions: The OTSC seems to be a feasible device to close chronic fistulae of the GI tract. It can achieve leakproof, full-thickness closure of transmural defects. Nevertheless, in circumstances of severe fibrosis and scarring, complete incorporation of the defect into the applicator cap and successful OTSC application might not be possible.