A comparison of conventional endoscopy, chromoendoscopy, and the optimal-band imaging system for the differentiation of neoplastic and non-neoplastic colonic polyps

Background: The diagnostic accuracy of conventional endoscopy for small colonic polyps is not satisfactory Optimal band imaging (OBI) enhances the contrast of the mucosal surface without the use of dye. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy for the differentiation of neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal polyps by using magnified OBI colonscopy. Design: An open prospective study. Setting: Jichi Medical University, Japan. Patients: A total of 133 colonoscopy cases. Main Outcome Measurement: A comparative study of the overall accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for the differentiation of neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal polyps <= 5 mm in size by capillary-pattern diagnosis by using conventional colonoscopy, capillary-pattern diagnosis in OBI, and pit-pattern diagnosis in chromoendoscopy with low magnification. Results: A total of 107 polyps, composed of 80 neoplastic and 27 non-neoplastic polyps, were evaluated. 0131 clearly showed the capillary network of the Surface mucosa of neoplastic polyps at low magnification, whereas the surface mucosa of non-neoplastic polyps showed up as a pale lesion. The capillary pattern in conventional colonoscopy had 74% accuracy, 71% sensitivity, and 81% specificity for neoplastic polyps. The accuracy and sensitivity were significantly lower than those that used the capillary pattern in OBI (accuracy 87% and sensitivity 3%) and the pit pattern in chromoendoscopy (accuracy 86% and sensitivity 90%). There were no significant differences in specificity (OBI 70% and chromoendoscopy 74%). The kappa analysis indicated good agreement in both OBI and chromoendoscopy. Conclusions: Capillary-pattern diagnosis in 0131 is superior to that in conventional endoscopy and is not significantly different from pit-pattern diagnosis for predicting the histology of small colorectal polyps. (Gastrointest Endosc 2009;69:734-41.)