Phase dependent modulation of soleus H-reflex in healthy, non-injured individuals while walking with an ankle foot orthosis

Objective: To examine the dynamic modulation of the soleus H-reflex while walking with a posterior leaf spring ankle foot orthosis (PAFO). Methods: Soleus H-reflexes were evoked on randomly chosen lower limb of fourteen healthy individuals (age range of 22-36 years, 7 women) while walking on a treadmill with and without a PAFO. In order to capture excitability across the duration of the gait cycle, H-reflexes were evoked at heel strike (HS), HS + 100 ms, HS + 200 ms, HS + 300 ms, HS + 400 ms in the stance phase and at toe-off (TO), TO + 100 ms, TO + 200 ms, TO + 300 ms, TO + 400 ms in the swing phase respectively. Results: H-reflex excitability was significantly higher in the form of greater slope of the rise in H-reflex amplitude across the swing phase (p = 0.024) and greater mean H-reflex amplitude (p = 0.014) in the swing phase of walking with a PAFO. There was no change in the slope (p = 0.25) or the mean amplitude of H-reflexes (p = 0.22) in the stance phase of walking with a PAFO. Mean background EMG activity between the two walking conditions was not significantly different for both the tibialis anterior (p = 0.69) and soleus muscles (p = 0.59). Conclusion: PAFO increased reflex excitability in the swing phase of walking in healthy individuals. Altered sensory input originating from joint, muscle and cutaneous receptors may be the underlying mechanism for greater reflex excitability. The neurophysiological effect of PAFOs on reflex modulation during walking needs to be tested in persons with neurological injury. The relationship between the sensory input and the reflex output during walking may assist in determining if there exists a neurological disadvantage of using a compensatory device such as a PAFO. (c) 2014 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.