Journal
GAIT & POSTURE
Volume 37, Issue 4, Pages 552-557Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.09.020
Keywords
Kinematics; Footwear; Foot and ankle biomechanics; Reliability; Accuracy
Categories
Funding
- AutoCRC
- South Australian Government
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Kinematic models are commonly used to quantify foot and ankle kinematics, yet no marker sets or models have been proven reliable or accurate when wearing shoes. Further, the minimal detectable difference of a developed model is often not reported. We present a kinematic model that is reliable, accurate and sensitive to describe the kinematics of the foot-shoe complex and lower leg during walking gait. In order to achieve this, a new marker set was established, consisting of 25 markers applied on the shoe and skin surface, which informed a four segment kinematic model of the foot-shoe complex and lower leg. Three independent experiments were conducted to determine the reliability, accuracy and minimal detectable difference of the marker set and model. Inter-rater reliability of marker placement on the shoe was proven to be good to excellent (ICC = 0.75-0.98) indicating that markers could be applied reliably between raters. Intra-rater reliability was better for the experienced rater (ICC = 0.68-0.99) than the inexperienced rater (ICC = 0.38-0.97). The accuracy of marker placement along each axis was <6.7 mm for all markers studied. Minimal detectable difference (MDD90) thresholds were defined for each joint; tibiocalcaneal joint - MDD90 = 2.17-9.36 degrees, tarsometatarsal joint - MDD90 = 1.03-9.29 degrees and the metatarsophalangeal joint - MDD90 = 1.75-9.12 degrees. These thresholds proposed are specific for the description of shod motion, and can be used in future research designed at comparing between different footwear. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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