Journal
FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 6, Issue 5, Pages 495-511Publisher
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/FMB.11.30
Keywords
Acinetobacter; beta-lactamases; carbapenemases; efflux pumps; nosocomial infections; resistance mechanisms
Categories
Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Health [FIS 08/00195]
- Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Instituto de Salud Carlos III -FEDER
- Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases [REIPI RD06/0008]
- European Community [HEALTH-F3-2008-223031]
- [2009SGR1256]
- [E07D401559CO]
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Species of Acinetobacter other than Acinetobacter baumannii are involved in nosocomial infections. Acinetobacter lwoffii, Acinetobacter genomospecies 3 and Acinetobacter genomospecies 13TU are found in community- and nosocomial-acquired infections as well as in neonatal intensive care units. The non-baumannii Acinetobacter are normally highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin, ampicillin/sulbactam, gentamicin and tigecycline. Carbepenems show good activity although resistant isolates have been reported. Resistance to beta-lactams other than carbapenems is associated with overexpression of chromosomal cephalosporinases and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase acquisition, whereas resistance to carbapenems involves acquisition of carbapenemases. Quinolone resistance is related to gyrA and/or parC mutations but overexpresion of efflux proteins also plays an important role. With the development of novel and more accurate typing methodologies, an increase in infections caused by non-baumannii Acinetobacter might be observed in the future.
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