Journal
FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 5, Issue 10, Pages 1525-1538Publisher
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/FMB.10.122
Keywords
antibiotic resistance; global antibiotic resistant clones; salmonella enterica; Salmonella genomic island 1; Salmonella genomic island 2; SGI1; SGI2
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Funding
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) [351783, ID192108]
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Antibiotic resistance in several Salmonella enterica serovars that cause gastrointestinal disease in humans is due to a set of related genomic islands carrying a class 1 integron, which carries the resistance genes. Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1), the first island of this type, was found in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 isolates, which are resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, streptomycin, spectinomycin, sulfonamides and tetracycline. Several Salmonella serovars and Proteus mirablis have since been shown to harbor SGI1 or related islands carrying various sets of resistance genes and some distinct groups have emerged. SGI1 is an integrative mobilizable element and can be transferred experimentally into Escherichia coli. However, within serovars, isolates recovered from different parts of the world appear to be clonal, indicating that SGI1 movement may be rare. Potential reservoirs in food-producing animals or in ornamental fish have been identified for some serovars.
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