Development of W coatings for fusion applications

The paper gives a short overview on tungsten (W) coatings deposited by various methods on carbon materials (carbon fibre composite - CFC and fine grain graphite - FGG). Vacuum Plasma Spray (VPS), Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) techniques are analyzed in respect with the characteristics and performances of the W coatings. A particular attention is paid to the Combined Magnetron Sputtering and Ion Implantation (CMSII) technique, which was developed during the last 4 years from laboratory to industrial scale and it is successfully applied for W coating (10-15 mu m and 20-25 mu m) of more than 2500 tiles for the ITER-like Wall project at JET and ASDEX Upgrade. This technique involves simultaneously magnetron sputtering and high energy (tens of keV) ion implantation. Due to the ion bombardment a stress relief occurs within the coating enabling its growth without delamination to a relatively large thickness. In addition, in order to adjust the thermal expansion mismatch between CFC and W, a Mo interlayer of 2-3 mu m is currently used. Experimentally, W/Mo coatings with a thickness up to 50 mu m were produced and successfully tested in the GLADIS ion beam facility up to 23 MW/m(2). (C) 2011 EURATOM. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.