Journal
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
Volume 92, Issue 8, Pages 1599-1605Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.04.005
Keywords
Bio-oil; Expanded liquid; Heterogeneous catalysis; Upgrading
Funding
- National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB210205]
- NSFC-Guangdong [U0834005]
- Jiangxi Agricultural University [09003416]
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An in situ reduction treatment, combination of reduction and esterification, was investigated to refine bio-oil. Over Raney Ni and zeolites-supported noble metal (Pd and Ru) catalysts, the reductant formic acid decomposed into hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and then hydrogen reduced the bio-oil while compressible CO2 dissolved in methanol to form a CO2-CH3OH expanded liquid. The results showed that Raney Ni and zeolites-supported Ru were highly active in this heterogeneous catalytic system. The reactions preformed at 150-230 degrees C for 5-7 h would give a better upgraded bio-oil with a high yield of 80-90 wt.%. The unsaturated components in bio-oil were reduced substantially without obvious coke formation, and the oxygen content was lowered by ca. 5 wt.%. Organic acids were converted into esters through the esterification with methanol, and the properties of hydrogenated bio-oil were improved: the pH value increased from 2.17 to ca. 4.5; the higher heating value approached to 22 MJ/kg, and the viscosity decreased from 5.31 to ca. 4.0 mm(2)/s. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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