Journal
FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 35, Issue 4, Pages 550-557Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.05.002
Keywords
Body weight; Energy balance; Hypothalamus; 17 beta-Estradiol; Estrogen receptor alpha (ERS1); Estrogen receptor beta (ERS2); G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER); Neuropeptides
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Funding
- Society for Women's Health Research, the National Institutes of Health [DK 073689]
- Klarman Foundation
- University of Texas Southwestern Start-Up Funds
- UNC Greensboro start-up funds
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Estrogens regulate key features of metabolism, including food intake, body weight, energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, leptin sensitivity, and body fat distribution. There are two 'classical' estrogen receptors (ERs): estrogen receptor alpha (ERS1) and estrogen receptor beta (ERS2). Human and murine data indicate ERS1 contributes to metabolic regulation more so than ESR2. For example, there are human inactivating mutations of ERS1 which recapitulate aspects of the metabolic syndrome in both men and women. Much of our understanding of the metabolic roles of ERS1 was initially uncovered in estrogen receptor a-null mice (ERS1(-/-)); these mice display aspects of the metabolic syndrome, including increased body weight, increased visceral fat deposition and dysregulated glucose intolerance. Recent data further implicate ERSI in specific tissues and neuronal populations as being critical for regulating food intake, energy expenditure, body fat distribution and adipose tissue function. This review will focus predominantly on the role of hypothalamic ERs and their critical role in regulating all aspects of energy homeostasis and metabolism. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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