Journal
FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 31, Issue 2, Pages 203-216Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.02.002
Keywords
Hermaphroditism; Protogyny; Protandry; Alternative male phenotypes; Hypothalamus; Arginine vasotocin; GnRH; Estrogen; Androgen
Categories
Funding
- US National Science Foundation [0416926]
- Div Of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience
- Direct For Biological Sciences [0416926] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The study of sex differences has produced major insights into the organization of animal phenotypes and the regulatory mechanisms generating phenotypic variation from similar genetic templates. Teleost fishes display the greatest diversity of sexual expression among vertebrate animals. This diversity appears to arise from diversity in the timing of sex determination and less functional interdependence among the components of sexuality relative to tetrapod vertebrates. Teleost model systems therefore provide powerful models for understanding gonadal and non-gonadal influences on behavioral and physiological variation. This review addresses socially-controlled sex change and alternate male phenotypes in fishes. These sexual patterns are informative natural experiments that illustrate how variation in conserved neuroendocrine pathways can give rise to a wide range of reproductive adaptations. Key regulatory factors underlying sex change and alternative male phenotypes that have been identified to date include steroid hormones and the neuropeptides GnRH and arginine vasotocin, but genomic approaches are now implicating a diversity of other influences as well. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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