Journal
FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 30, Issue 3, Pages 259-301Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.05.006
Keywords
Neurosteroids; Central nervous system; Steroidogenic enzymes; Neuroanatomical distribution; Biological activities; Regulation; Neurotransmitters; Neuropeptides
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Funding
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medical [U413]
- Ministe des Affaires Etrangeres [PV-P-73-9]
- France-Quebec exchange program
- France-Korean exchange programs
- France-Japan exchange program
- Plate-forme Regionale de Recherche en Imagerie Cellulaire de Haute-Normandie (PRIMACEN)
- Conseil Regional de Haute-Normandie
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Neuroactive steroids synthesized in neuronal tissue. referred to as neurosteroids, are implicated in proliferation, differentiation, activity and survival of nerve cells. Neurosteroids are also involved in the control of a number of behavioral, neuroendocrine and metabolic processes such as regulation of food intake, locomotor activity, sexual activity, aggressiveness, anxiety. depression, body temperature and blood pressure. In this article, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the existence, neuroanatomical distribution and biological activity of the enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of neurosteroids in the brain of vertebrates, and we review the neuronal mechanisms that control the activity of these enzymes. The observation that the activity of key steroidogenic enzymes is finely tuned by various neurotransmitters and neuropeptides Strongly suggests that some of the central effects of these neuro-modulators may be mediated via the regulation of neurosteroid production. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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