Journal
FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 29, Issue 2, Pages 219-237Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.08.006
Keywords
estrogen; estrous cycle; synaptic plasticity; hippocampus; cognition; spatial memory; dendritic spine
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Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [HL18974, P01 HL018974] Funding Source: Medline
- NIA NIH HHS [P01 AG016765, P01 AG016765-090001] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA008259, DA 08259] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM007739] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [NS 007080, R01 NS007080-41, R01 NS007080] Funding Source: Medline
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Estrogens have direct effects on the brain areas controlling cognition. One of the most studied of these regions is the dorsal hippocampal formation, which governs the formation of spatial and episodic memories. In laboratory animals, most investigators report that estrogen enhances synaptic plasticity and improves performance on hippocampal-dependent cognitive behaviors. This review summarizes work conducted in our laboratory and others toward identifying estrogen's actions in the hippocampal formation, and the mechanisms for these actions. Physiologic and pharmacologic estrogen affects cognitive behavior in mammals, which may be applicable to human health and disease. The effects of estrogen in the hippocampal formation that lead to modulation of hippocampal function include effects on cell morphology, synapse formation, signaling, and excitability that have been studied in laboratory mice, rats, and primates. Finally, estrogen may signal through both nuclear and extranuclear hippocampal estrogen receptors to achieve its downstream effects. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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