Journal
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK
Volume 18, Issue -, Pages 572-587Publisher
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.2741/4121
Keywords
Beta-Scorpion Toxin; bioactive surface; Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; Voltage Sensor Trapping Model, Review
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Funding
- MPE
- Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico - UNAM [IN204110]
- Instituto Bioclon S.A. de C.V.
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Scorpion beta-toxins (beta-ScTxs) modify the activity of voltage-gated sodium (Na-v) channels, thereby producing neurotoxic effects in diverse organisms. For this reason, beta-ScTxs are essential tools not only for discriminating among different channel sub-types but also for studying the mechanisms of channel gating and the structure-function relationship involved in this process. This review considers both the structural and the functional implications of the beta-ScTxs after they bind to their receptor sites, in accord with their classification into a) anti-mammalian beta-ScTxs, b) anti-insect selective excitatory beta-ScTxs, c) anti-insect selective depressant beta-ScTxs and d) beta-ScTxs active on both insect and mammals Na-v channels. Additionally, the molecular mechanism of toxin action by the voltage sensor trapping model is discussed, and the systemic effects produced by these toxins are reviewed.
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